UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D capture the major elements of sustainable urban transport. A highlights the importance of public and non-motorised transport in cutting congestion and emissions, B stresses integrating land-use with transport to reduce travel demand and D notes the role of efficient and electric vehicles in lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Statement C is incorrect because sustainable transport seeks to reduce dependence on private cars, not increase it. Thus, the correct option is the one that includes A, B and D while excluding C.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all the statements that align with sustainable mobility goals and excludes the one that contradicts them. It recognises demand management, better planning and cleaner technologies as central strategies. By leaving out C, it avoids treating increased car use as an indicator of sustainable transport.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it introduces statement C into an otherwise correct pair. Statement C wrongly suggests that sustainable transport policies aim to increase private car use, whereas policy frameworks advocate modal shift away from cars. Including this incorrect statement invalidates the combination.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups B, C and D and in doing so accepts C as correct. Although B and D are valid, the presence of C, which misrepresents sustainable transport policy, makes the option unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes A, C and D and omits B. While A and D are correct, C is wrong and B is an important correct statement regarding integrated land-use and transport. This mixture of one false and one omitted correct statement means the option cannot be chosen.

Sustainable transport seeks to provide mobility while minimising environmental impacts,congestion and social exclusion. It emphasises efficient public transport,active modes and low emission technologies. The stem describes these very measures,so sustainable transport is the correct term. It aligns with broader goals of sustainable urban development.

Option A:
Conventional transport systems have often prioritised private motor vehicles and road expansion,leading to high emissions and congestion. They do not necessarily incorporate the environmental and social considerations highlighted in the question.

Option B:
Sustainable transport integrates land use planning with mobility options to reduce travel distances and dependence on fossil fuels. By promoting public and non motorised modes,it matches the strategies detailed in the stem.

Option C:
Random transport has no recognised meaning in urban planning. It would imply a lack of structure or purpose,which contradicts the planned strategies described in the question.

Option D:
Unregulated transport suggests a lack of rules or standards for safety and emissions. This would likely worsen environmental and social problems rather than contribute to sustainability,so it is not suitable.

Statements A, B and D are correct: active transport reduces emissions and improves health, heavy reliance on private vehicles increases multiple problems and mixed land-use planning can shorten trips. Statement C is incorrect because bus rapid transit systems are generally introduced to improve efficiency and reduce emissions per passenger kilometre, not increase them. So the combination A, B and D only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it brings together all the true statements while excluding C, which misrepresents the purpose and impact of bus rapid transit. It reflects integrated thinking about transport, environment and health.

Option B:
Option B is incomplete because it omits D, which rightly points to the role of land-use planning in reducing travel distances and emissions.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes C, endorsing the false claim that bus rapid transit always raises emissions, contradicting empirical findings from many cities.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it combines A and D with C, again treating C as correct and leaving out B, which is a key statement about private motorised transport impacts.