UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct: walking/cycling are NMT; infrastructure encourages use; NMT has no tailpipe emissions; it reduces congestion and improves air/health; and integration with public transport improves mobility. Statement E is false because NMT planning is important in cities across all income levels. Therefore, the correct set is A, B, C, D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits F, missing the important role of integrating NMT with public transport for a complete mobility system.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes all true statements and excludes only E, which wrongly restricts NMT relevance to low-income countries.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes E (false).

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B and A, so it underrepresents both infrastructure and the definition/examples of NMT.

Statements A, B and D capture the major elements of sustainable urban transport. A highlights the importance of public and non-motorised transport in cutting congestion and emissions, B stresses integrating land-use with transport to reduce travel demand and D notes the role of efficient and electric vehicles in lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Statement C is incorrect because sustainable transport seeks to reduce dependence on private cars, not increase it. Thus, the correct option is the one that includes A, B and D while excluding C.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all the statements that align with sustainable mobility goals and excludes the one that contradicts them. It recognises demand management, better planning and cleaner technologies as central strategies. By leaving out C, it avoids treating increased car use as an indicator of sustainable transport.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it introduces statement C into an otherwise correct pair. Statement C wrongly suggests that sustainable transport policies aim to increase private car use, whereas policy frameworks advocate modal shift away from cars. Including this incorrect statement invalidates the combination.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups B, C and D and in doing so accepts C as correct. Although B and D are valid, the presence of C, which misrepresents sustainable transport policy, makes the option unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes A, C and D and omits B. While A and D are correct, C is wrong and B is an important correct statement regarding integrated land-use and transport. This mixture of one false and one omitted correct statement means the option cannot be chosen.

Sustainable transport seeks to provide mobility while minimising environmental impacts,congestion and social exclusion. It emphasises efficient public transport,active modes and low emission technologies. The stem describes these very measures,so sustainable transport is the correct term. It aligns with broader goals of sustainable urban development.

Option A:
Conventional transport systems have often prioritised private motor vehicles and road expansion,leading to high emissions and congestion. They do not necessarily incorporate the environmental and social considerations highlighted in the question.

Option B:
Sustainable transport integrates land use planning with mobility options to reduce travel distances and dependence on fossil fuels. By promoting public and non motorised modes,it matches the strategies detailed in the stem.

Option C:
Random transport has no recognised meaning in urban planning. It would imply a lack of structure or purpose,which contradicts the planned strategies described in the question.

Option D:
Unregulated transport suggests a lack of rules or standards for safety and emissions. This would likely worsen environmental and social problems rather than contribute to sustainability,so it is not suitable.

Sustainable urban transport requires moving more people with fewer vehicles, lower emissions and less congestion. High-quality buses, metro systems and facilities for walking and cycling reduce dependence on private cars. They also improve access for low-income groups and cut energy use. Such strategies directly contribute to cleaner air and better quality of life.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because prioritising private cars typically increases congestion, pollution and land use for parking.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it reflects key components of sustainable mobility: mass transit and non-motorised modes.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since removing emission standards would seriously worsen air quality and public health.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because unchecked diesel vehicles tend to raise particulate pollution and noise.