Inductive reasoning and generalisation – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, C and E correctly capture key features of inductive generalisation, whereas D and F are false. Larger and more representative samples support stronger generalisations, and a single genuine counterexample can overturn a universal claim built inductively. Inductive arguments are evaluated on a scale of strength rather than strict validity, and many survey or data-based Paper 1 questions require inductive thinking. D is wrong because true premises only make the conclusion probable, not certain, and F ignores the central role of induction in scientific practice.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it leaves out E, failing to note the explicit role of inductive reasoning in UGC NET data and survey questions. While A, B and C are true, they do not connect the theory to exam practice. Therefore A, B and C only is not an adequate answer.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits A, which emphasises sample size and representativeness, a crucial consideration in evaluating inductive strength. Without A, the picture of generalisation is less accurate. Hence B, C and E only cannot be the correct combination.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since it includes F, which denies the importance of induction in science, and omits E. Scientific hypotheses are often proposed and refined on inductive grounds, so F is clearly false. Including it invalidates the combination A, B, C and F only.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it brings together A, B, C and E, the true statements that describe both the conceptual and exam-related aspects of induction, while excluding D and F, which overstate certainty and understate scientific practice. Thus this is the appropriate answer.