UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C and E correctly capture key features of inductive generalisation, whereas D and F are false. Larger and more representative samples support stronger generalisations, and a single genuine counterexample can overturn a universal claim built inductively. Inductive arguments are evaluated on a scale of strength rather than strict validity, and many survey or data-based Paper 1 questions require inductive thinking. D is wrong because true premises only make the conclusion probable, not certain, and F ignores the central role of induction in scientific practice.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it leaves out E, failing to note the explicit role of inductive reasoning in UGC NET data and survey questions. While A, B and C are true, they do not connect the theory to exam practice. Therefore A, B and C only is not an adequate answer.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits A, which emphasises sample size and representativeness, a crucial consideration in evaluating inductive strength. Without A, the picture of generalisation is less accurate. Hence B, C and E only cannot be the correct combination.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since it includes F, which denies the importance of induction in science, and omits E. Scientific hypotheses are often proposed and refined on inductive grounds, so F is clearly false. Including it invalidates the combination A, B, C and F only.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it brings together A, B, C and E, the true statements that describe both the conceptual and exam-related aspects of induction, while excluding D and F, which overstate certainty and understate scientific practice. Thus this is the appropriate answer.

Statements A, B, C, D and F correctly describe major types of reasoning and their role in UGC NET questions, while E is false. Analogical, causal and authority-based arguments, as well as statistical generalisations, are all recognised and commonly tested reasoning patterns. Exam questions often ask candidates to identify which of these patterns is being used. E is incorrect because it ignores the widespread use of causal and statistical reasoning in both theory and test practice.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all the true statements and excludes E, which wrongly narrows the class of acceptable arguments. It draws attention to the diversity of reasoning types and to the requirement in Paper 1 to distinguish among them. Thus this option is consistent with both logical classification and exam design.

Option B:
Option B is incomplete since it omits F, overlooking the explicit connection between these reasoning types and the format of UGC NET questions. While A, B, C and D are true, without F the answer fails to mention how such distinctions are tested. Therefore this combination is not fully adequate.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it leaves out A, which gives the definition of an analogical argument, and includes only B, C, D and F. Without A, the set does not cover all the listed reasoning types, so it cannot be the complete collection of correct statements. Hence this option is insufficient.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it admits E, which dismisses causal and statistical arguments as unrecognised, contradicting standard logical and methodological practice. Including E alongside otherwise accurate descriptions undermines the overall correctness of the combination.