UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and E are correct on individual choices, social norms, policy/infrastructure support and community initiatives. Statement C is false because information alone is usually insufficient for sustained change. Statement F is false because education influences long-term attitudes and behaviours. Therefore, the correct combination is A, B, D and E only.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all true statements and excludes C and F, which overstate information sufficiency and deny education’s role.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes C (false).

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes C and F (both false).

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F (false) and omits B, missing social norms/peer influence.

Netiquette combines the words network and etiquette to refer to appropriate conduct on the internet. It includes respecting others' privacy, avoiding offensive language and following community guidelines. Adhering to netiquette helps maintain constructive and civil online interactions. Thus, the blank should be filled with netiquette.

Option A:
Option A, cyber crime, involves illegal activities conducted through digital means and is not a label for acceptable behaviour norms.

Option B:
Option B is correct because netiquette is the recognised term for etiquette on the net, capturing the idea of polite online behaviour described.

Option C:
Option C, encryption, refers to coding information to protect confidentiality and is unrelated to interpersonal manners.

Option D:
Option D, spooling, is a technical process for managing input and output operations and does not involve social norms.

Statements A, B, D and F are correct because economic instruments, information tools, public procurement and policy links to climate and resource efficiency are all recognised elements of sustainable consumption strategies. Statement C is wrong because sustainable consumption stresses the whole 3R hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle, not recycling alone. Statement E is also wrong, as social norms and lifestyle changes are central to shifting patterns of demand. The only option that includes all and only the true statements is A, B, D and F.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists only A and B and omits D and F. While green taxes and eco-labels are important, public procurement and broader policy linkages also contribute significantly to sustainable consumption. By excluding D and F, this option presents only a partial view of policy instruments.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it combines the four statements that accurately describe how governments and institutions promote sustainable consumption. It excludes C and E, which either narrow the agenda to recycling or dismiss the importance of social norms, thereby aligning well with contemporary policy approaches.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it adds C, which falsely asserts that sustainable consumption ignores reduction and reuse. Including C turns the combination into a mixture of true and false statements, so it cannot be the correct answer.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes E, which wrongly claims that changes in norms and lifestyles are irrelevant. Sustainable consumption literature consistently emphasises behaviour and cultural change, so any option accepting E does not match the conceptual understanding.

Statements A and B are correct as they highlight psychological and social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Statement C is wrong because awareness alone does not always translate into action; many barriers such as habits and structural constraints intervene. Statement D is also incorrect since economic instruments like taxes and subsidies can influence behaviour. Therefore, A and B only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes only A and leaves out B, which is also true. Ignoring the role of social norms and peer influence provides an incomplete explanation of behaviour.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it recognises both individual-level factors (values, attitudes, knowledge, control) and social factors (norms and peer influence) while excluding statements that oversimplify or deny economic influences. This combination fits well with environmental psychology perspectives.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it adds C to A and B, treating C as true. C overstates the power of awareness by claiming it always guarantees behaviour change, which is not supported by evidence.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it groups B, C and D and accepts D, which denies the role of economic incentives. As both C and D are false, the option cannot be correct.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they outline behavioural, social, policy and educational pathways for sustainable consumption. Lifestyle choices across sectors matter, norms and role models influence behaviour, policies create enabling structures and awareness helps people understand impacts. Statements C and F are false because culture and values also shape consumption, and sustainable consumption goes beyond recycling to address volumes and patterns of use. Hence, the correct combination is A, B, D and E only.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it leaves out D and E, thereby ignoring the roles of policy tools and education in shifting consumption. It focuses only on individual and social aspects without structural supports.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it gathers the four true statements while excluding C and F, which oversimplify determinants and scope. It reflects the multi-layered strategies needed for sustainable consumption.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes F and omits D. F wrongly narrows sustainable consumption to recycling, ignoring issues like overconsumption and product lifecycles, while leaving out D underplays the influence of public policy.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it accepts F and excludes A, thereby ignoring the central role of daily lifestyle choices while retaining a misleadingly narrow view of sustainable consumption.