UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and C correctly express central ideas of ICT ethics and digital citizenship, whereas statements D and E are incorrect. Digital citizenship is closely tied to values, behaviour and critical judgement, not just technical skills. Respecting privacy, avoiding harassment and acting responsibly online are core expectations. Therefore, the set A, B and C only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists only A and C as correct, omitting B. Statement B is also true, since privacy and consent are fundamental ethical concerns in digital communication. Leaving out B means the option does not capture all correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it chooses A, B and C, each representing responsible online behaviour, privacy respect and rejection of cyberbullying. It excludes D and E, which wrongly detach digital citizenship from ethics and critical evaluation. This combination is aligned with current understandings of digital citizenship.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes D along with A, B and C. Statement D denies the ethical and behavioural dimensions of digital citizenship. Including this false statement makes the combination inconsistent.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it groups B, C, D and E together, accepting both D and E. Since D and E are false and statements A and B are missing, this option does not accurately reflect ICT ethics or digital citizenship.

Netiquette combines the words network and etiquette to refer to appropriate conduct on the internet. It includes respecting others' privacy, avoiding offensive language and following community guidelines. Adhering to netiquette helps maintain constructive and civil online interactions. Thus, the blank should be filled with netiquette.

Option A:
Option A, cyber crime, involves illegal activities conducted through digital means and is not a label for acceptable behaviour norms.

Option B:
Option B is correct because netiquette is the recognised term for etiquette on the net, capturing the idea of polite online behaviour described.

Option C:
Option C, encryption, refers to coding information to protect confidentiality and is unrelated to interpersonal manners.

Option D:
Option D, spooling, is a technical process for managing input and output operations and does not involve social norms.

Netiquette combines the words network and etiquette to describe socially acceptable conduct in digital communication. It includes guidelines such as avoiding abusive language, respecting privacy and not spamming others. Following netiquette helps maintain constructive and safe online communities. Therefore the behavioural norms described in the question are referred to as netiquette.

Option A:
Option A, cybercrime, refers to illegal activities conducted using computers or networks, such as hacking or fraud. While breaches of netiquette may sometimes overlap with crime, the term is much broader and legal in nature rather than about etiquette.

Option B:
Option B is correct because netiquette specifically addresses proper manners and respect in online interactions. It is frequently discussed in educational programmes that teach responsible use of ICT.

Option C:
Option C, e-commerce, denotes buying and selling goods or services over electronic networks and does not inherently address behavioural rules.

Option D:
Option D, data mining, refers to analytical techniques for discovering patterns in large datasets and is unrelated to norms of communication.

Statements A, B, C and E describe widely recommended email etiquette practices, while D and F are not advisable. Clear subjects, polite language and proofreading support effective communication, and using all capitals may be interpreted as shouting. Reply-all should be used selectively to avoid clutter, and sending very large attachments without considering limits or alternatives can cause delivery problems. Therefore the correct set includes A, B, C and E and excludes D and F.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes D, which wrongly claims reply-all is always preferred, and it omits A, which highlights the importance of a clear subject line. Including a false statement makes the combination unacceptable.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it adds F to the otherwise correct set. Including F suggests that attaching large files without regard for size or alternatives is good practice, which is wrong and can lead to bounced emails or inconvenience.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it combines all four true statements, covering clarity, tone and error reduction. It explicitly leaves out D’s blanket encouragement of reply-all and F’s advice about large attachments, both of which contradict good email practice.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F and omits B. Accepting F promotes poor attachment habits, and leaving out B ignores the value of polite greetings and closings in professional communication, so this set cannot be correct.

Netiquette refers to appropriate and respectful behaviour in online environments. In virtual classrooms, joining on time shows respect for the schedule, while muting reduces noise and distractions. Using platform tools like chat or raise-hand options allows orderly participation. Together, these practices help maintain a focused and inclusive learning atmosphere.

Option A:
This option correctly identifies specific actions that support clear communication and minimise technical disruptions. It reflects awareness of both the technical features and the social norms of online learning communities.

Option B:
Loud background music and constant interruptions distract the entire class and make it harder for others to follow the lesson. Such behaviour violates norms of courtesy and concentration.

Option C:
Sharing links widely invites potential intruders or “bombers” who may disrupt the session. Good netiquette involves protecting meeting credentials and respecting privacy.

Option D:
Disrespectful comments create a hostile climate and may amount to cyberbullying. They undermine trust and collaboration, which are essential for effective ICT-mediated learning.

Netiquette combines the words network and etiquette to describe rules of polite and respectful behaviour in online spaces. It covers aspects such as tone, respect for others and avoidance of spamming. Good netiquette supports healthy digital communities. Therefore, the concept referred to is netiquette.

Option A:
Option A is correct because netiquette is the widely used term for online etiquette and behavioural norms.

Option B:
Option B, copyright, deals with legal rights over creative works and not general behaviour.

Option C:
Option C, encryption, protects data confidentiality and does not address manners or courtesy.

Option D:
Option D, ergonomics, focuses on physical comfort and safety in using ICT devices, not communication style.

Statements A, B, C and E recognise both the opportunities and risks of social media for institutions, while D and F are dangerous misconceptions. Public posts can affect reputation, and policies and training help guide lawful, respectful engagement. Assuming everything is private ignores platform settings and sharing, and encouraging disclosure of confidential data conflicts with information security. Thus the correct set consists of A, B, C and E only.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it blends communication benefits with policy guidance and awareness of digital footprints. It excludes D and F, which either overstate privacy or disregard confidentiality, ensuring a realistic and responsible perspective.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it adds F, which would legitimise sharing confidential data publicly. Even though A, B, C and E are true, including F contradicts fundamental privacy and security principles.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it omits A and adds D. Leaving out A ignores the positive use of social media for announcements, and accepting D falsely guarantees privacy, so this option cannot be correct.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B and includes F. It ignores reputational risks and actively promotes sharing sensitive information, making the combination clearly unacceptable.

Statements A, C and D correctly describe digital footprints and cyber ethical behaviour, whereas statement B is false. A digital footprint consists of data traces left by online actions, and organisations may review these traces when assessing candidates. Cyber ethics requires awareness of these consequences and responsible posting. Deleting a post does not guarantee that no copies remain, because caches, screenshots or backups may persist. Thus, the combination A, C and D only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it groups A and C only and leaves out D. While understanding what digital footprints are and how they are used is important, ethical reflection and responsible posting described in D are also essential. Excluding D underplays the behavioural aspect of cyber ethics.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes A, B and C as correct, thereby accepting B. Statement B wrongly suggests that deletion removes all traces, ignoring the persistence of data in various systems. Including this false statement makes the combination invalid.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it lists C and D only and omits A. Without defining a digital footprint as data traces left online, the explanation of the concept is incomplete. A is fundamental to the topic and cannot be left out.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it brings together the three true statements A, C and D and excludes B, which gives a misleading sense of security about deletion. It integrates conceptual understanding and ethical practice, which is appropriate for ICT education.

Good netiquette means respectful, ethical, and academically honest behaviour online, including civility and proper citation of sources.

Option A:
This option models courteous, scholarly interaction and proper attribution – all core aspects of digital citizenship.

Option B:
Writing in ALL CAPS with lots of “!!!” is widely read as shouting and is considered rude online.

Option C:
Anonymous offensive posts amount to cyberbullying and violate ethical and institutional norms.

Option D:
Sharing personal data without consent breaks privacy and safety norms and is irresponsible digital behaviour.

A digital footprint encompasses all traces of a person’s online presence, whether deliberately posted or passively recorded. It includes social media updates, search histories, cookies and logs maintained by various services. Over time, this collection of data can reveal detailed patterns about behaviour and preferences. Therefore the trail described in the stem is known as a digital footprint.

Option A:
Option A, cyber shadow, is an informal term sometimes used metaphorically but is not the standard concept taught in ICT curricula. It lacks the precise definition associated with footprint.

Option B:
Option B is correct because education on cyber safety consistently uses the term digital footprint to remind users that their online actions leave lasting records. The examples given in the question match textbook descriptions of this footprint.

Option C:
Option C, anonymous profile, would imply that identity is hidden, which may not be true for much of the data collected; digital footprints often allow identification.

Option D:
Option D, offline identity, refers to a person’s real-world identity separate from digital records and is almost the opposite of what is being described.