UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and F are correct because economic instruments, information tools, public procurement and policy links to climate and resource efficiency are all recognised elements of sustainable consumption strategies. Statement C is wrong because sustainable consumption stresses the whole 3R hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle, not recycling alone. Statement E is also wrong, as social norms and lifestyle changes are central to shifting patterns of demand. The only option that includes all and only the true statements is A, B, D and F.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists only A and B and omits D and F. While green taxes and eco-labels are important, public procurement and broader policy linkages also contribute significantly to sustainable consumption. By excluding D and F, this option presents only a partial view of policy instruments.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it combines the four statements that accurately describe how governments and institutions promote sustainable consumption. It excludes C and E, which either narrow the agenda to recycling or dismiss the importance of social norms, thereby aligning well with contemporary policy approaches.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it adds C, which falsely asserts that sustainable consumption ignores reduction and reuse. Including C turns the combination into a mixture of true and false statements, so it cannot be the correct answer.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes E, which wrongly claims that changes in norms and lifestyles are irrelevant. Sustainable consumption literature consistently emphasises behaviour and cultural change, so any option accepting E does not match the conceptual understanding.