Sampling Probability and Nonprobability – UGC NET Question

Probability sampling methods ensure that every element in the population has a known, non zero chance of being selected. Simple random sampling is a fundamental probability method where each member has an equal chance of inclusion, often achieved by lottery or random number procedures. This enhances representativeness and allows the use of statistical inference.

Option A:
Option A, convenience sampling, is a nonprobability method where respondents are chosen purely on ease of access. There is no known probability of selection for each member of the population, so it does not qualify as probability sampling.

Option B:
Option B, purposive sampling, involves selecting cases based on researcher judgment and is also nonprobability in nature. It is suitable for specialized studies but does not provide equal chance to all population elements.

Option C:
Option C clearly matches the definition of probability sampling because it selects from a complete list using random procedures. This ensures each unit has a known probability of selection and supports generalization within calculated error limits.

Option D:
Option D, quota sampling, fixes proportions for certain categories but usually relies on convenience within those categories. Because selection within quotas is not random, it is considered nonprobability sampling.