Relevant similarities in analogies – UGC NET Question

An analogical argument compares two cases and infers that what is true of one is likely true of the other. The argument becomes stronger when the cases share many relevant similarities. These similarities must bear on the conclusion and not be superficial. Therefore the factor described in the stem is the number of relevant similarities.

Option A:
Option A correctly identifies relevant similarities as the key feature that supports a strong analogy. When similarities are numerous and closely connected to the property inferred, the reasoning gains force. Hence this option is the best answer.

Option B:
Option B, irrelevant differences, if numerous, actually weaken an analogy by highlighting disanalogies. Differences that have no bearing on the conclusion cannot support the inference. Thus they do not strengthen the argument as described.

Option C:
Option C, emotional appeals, may influence acceptance of an argument but are not logical grounds for its strength. They relate to persuasion rather than to the structural quality of the analogy. Therefore emotional appeals are not the factor mentioned.

Option D:
Option D, rhetorical questions, are stylistic devices that may accompany arguments. They do not determine the underlying similarity relations between cases. Consequently rhetorical questions are not the correct answer.