UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Mission documents state that India aims to develop at least 5 MMT per annum of green hydrogen production capacity by 2030. To supply this, about 125 GW of additional renewable energy capacity will be needed, creating a large clean-power ecosystem. This mission is expected to cut fossil fuel imports, abate around 50 MMT of CO₂ annually and generate substantial investments and employment. (hareda.gov.in)

Option A:
This option correctly states the numerical production target and its linkage to large-scale renewable capacity, matching official descriptions of the mission.

Option B:
This option understates both the scale of hydrogen production and the renewable energy requirement, and therefore does not match the approved mission.

Option C:
Producing hydrogen from coal does not qualify as green hydrogen and contradicts the decarbonisation objective; no such 50-MMT coal-based target has been announced.

Option D:
The mission explicitly sets quantitative goals; it is not restricted to small pilots with no numbers.

The National Green Hydrogen Mission sets a target of developing at least 5 MMT of annual green hydrogen production capacity by 2030. Achieving this will require substantial new renewable energy capacity, as green hydrogen must be produced from low-carbon electricity. The mission is expected to support decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, enhance energy security and create new industrial and employment opportunities. It is thus a key pillar of India’s long-term low-emission development strategy. (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy)

Option A:
This option significantly understates the ambition of the mission and does not match official documents, which clearly mention a much higher target.

Option B:
This option also falls short of the target and is not supported by policy announcements. While 2 MMT would be a substantial amount, it is below the mission’s stated goal.

Option C:
This option correctly reflects the quantitative target and the link to additional renewable capacity. It recognises that green hydrogen is intended to be produced at large scale from clean power to deliver multiple co-benefits.

Option D:
A 50 MMT target with “no need for renewable power” contradicts the very definition of green hydrogen, which requires low-carbon electricity. Such a figure is not part of current Indian plans.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct on emissions, access, policy instruments and jobs. Statement C is false because projects can have local impacts. Statement F is false because efficiency and renewables are often pursued together. Therefore A, B, D and E only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes C (false) and omits E.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it includes F (false) and omits A.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes F (false) and omits B.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it includes A, B, D and E and excludes C and F.

Green jobs are defined as positions that help protect ecosystems,reduce resource use and pollution or adapt to climate change,while also providing decent wages and working conditions. The stem highlights both environmental contribution and decent work,which aligns directly with green jobs. Thus Option C (Green) correctly completes the phrase “green jobs.”

Option A:
Informal jobs lack formal protection and can exist in any sector; they are not defined by environmental benefits.

Option B:
Casual jobs are irregular/short term and are defined by job security,not by environmental contribution.

Option C:
“Green” completes the established term “green jobs,”which refers to employment that improves environmental quality and supports decent work.

Option D:
Temporary jobs are defined by duration and may or may not be environmentally beneficial,so this is not the best match.

Statements A, B and D are correct: green jobs span multiple sectors, a just transition protects workers and communities and skill development plus social protection are key tools. Statement C is incorrect because green jobs also exist in buildings, waste management, agriculture and more, not just renewables. Therefore, the combination A, B and D only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits D, which highlights the institutional mechanisms needed for a just transition. Without D, the framework appears less comprehensive.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it brings together definitional and policy aspects of green jobs and just transition, while excluding C, which unduly narrows the scope of green employment.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes C, which falsely limits green jobs to one sector; this contradicts broader definitions used in labour and environment literature.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it mixes A and D with C and omits B, thereby misrepresenting the social-justice orientation of a just transition.