UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and F are correct, showing that environmental factors interact with other drivers of migration, that people sometimes move as an adaptation strategy, that policies must consider livelihoods and rights and that improved data are needed. Statement C is wrong because environmental migration can be temporary, seasonal or permanent, and E is wrong because internal movements are an important part of environment–migration linkages. Thus, the option that includes A, B, D and F and excludes C and E is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits D and F, ignoring the need for protective and livelihood-sensitive policies and for better evidence to guide them. While it captures environmental drivers and adaptation, it does not reflect the policy and research dimensions fully.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it brings together the most widely accepted points about environmental migration while rejecting overly rigid or dismissive views. It recognises complexity, adaptation, policy responsibilities and knowledge gaps, which matches the conceptual treatment in this unit.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes C, which wrongly states that all movement is permanent, even though migration responses to environmental change often include circular and seasonal patterns. Including C means the option mixes true and false statements.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it accepts E, which claims internal migration is irrelevant, and excludes A. Internal movements are central to environment–migration debates, so this combination seriously misrepresents the field.

Statements A, C and D are correct as they acknowledge that environmental degradation and both sudden- and slow-onset changes can drive migration, that displacement has multiple consequences and that planned relocation is a possible adaptation response. Statement B is incorrect because slow-onset processes like sea-level rise or desertification do influence migration decisions in many regions. Therefore, the combination that selects A, C and D only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits statement D, even though D accurately notes planned relocation as an adaptation option in some high-risk areas. Leaving out D means the answer does not capture the full set of correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes all three true statements while excluding B, which wrongly restricts migration drivers to only sudden-onset disasters. It reflects the broader understanding of environmental migration used in this unit.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it accepts B as correct along with C and D. Although C and D are true, B is false, and a combination containing a wrong statement cannot be considered correct.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it claims that all four statements are correct. Because B is clearly false, treating it as true makes the entire combination unacceptable.

The term climate refugees is used to describe people who must leave their homes due to climate related impacts like flooding,desertification or extreme storms. Although not yet a formal legal category,it captures the idea of displacement driven mainly by environmental change. The stem explicitly refers to migration due to climate change impacts,so climate refugees is the most appropriate description. Therefore Option D is correct.

Option A:
Seasonal migrants move temporarily, often for agricultural work or tourism jobs, and typically return home after the season. Their movement is usually economic rather than primarily climate driven,so this term does not fit the situation in the question.

Option B:
Internally displaced workers is not a common technical term. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) may be uprooted by conflict or disasters,but the phrase in the option does not specifically refer to climate change impacts.

Option C:
Eco tourists are travellers who visit natural areas for recreation and learning,aiming to minimise their environmental footprint. Their movement is voluntary and recreational,not forced displacement due to environmental stress,so this option is inappropriate.

Option D:
Climate refugees emphasise that climate change can intersect with social and political vulnerabilities to force people to move. While debates continue about terminology, the phrase best captures the type of displacement described in the stem.