UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statement C is clearly wrong because climate change can affect food production, availability and access, which in turn influences nutrition and health. Statements A, B and D are correct as they reflect established links between heatwaves and mortality, climate-sensitive disease vectors and disruption of health systems by extreme events. Since only C is incorrect, the combination that identifies C alone as wrong is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it treats both A and C as wrong, whereas statement A is accurate. Rising temperatures and more frequent heatwaves are associated with heat stress, dehydration and increased mortality, especially among vulnerable groups. Including a correct statement in the wrong set makes the option unacceptable.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it marks both C and D as wrong. While C is wrong, D is correct since floods, storms and other extremes can damage hospitals, supply chains and health infrastructure. Misclassifying D as wrong contradicts disaster and health studies.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it claims A, C and D are all wrong. A and D are correct descriptions of climate-related health impacts. By placing them in the wrong set, this option conflicts with widely accepted scientific assessments.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it isolates statement C as the only incorrect statement. It acknowledges that climate change can and does influence food security and nutrition, which C wrongly denies, while recognising that A, B and D accurately describe other health impacts.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct since they reflect definitions of mitigation/adaptation, identify key mitigation strategies and emphasise integrated policies for sustainable development. Statement C is incorrect because sea walls and cyclone shelters are adaptation measures. Statement F is incorrect as climate change is linked with changes in extreme weather patterns. Thus, the combination A, B, D and E only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits E, thereby ignoring the importance of integrating mitigation and adaptation for sustainable development.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it includes F, which wrongly claims there is no link between climate change and extreme events.

Option C:
Option C is correct as it brings together conceptual and strategic aspects and excludes misclassified examples and denial of extreme-event linkages.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F and omits A, denying an established link while losing the basic definition of mitigation.

The term climate refugees is used to describe people who must leave their homes due to climate related impacts like flooding,desertification or extreme storms. Although not yet a formal legal category,it captures the idea of displacement driven mainly by environmental change. The stem explicitly refers to migration due to climate change impacts,so climate refugees is the most appropriate description. Therefore Option D is correct.

Option A:
Seasonal migrants move temporarily, often for agricultural work or tourism jobs, and typically return home after the season. Their movement is usually economic rather than primarily climate driven,so this term does not fit the situation in the question.

Option B:
Internally displaced workers is not a common technical term. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) may be uprooted by conflict or disasters,but the phrase in the option does not specifically refer to climate change impacts.

Option C:
Eco tourists are travellers who visit natural areas for recreation and learning,aiming to minimise their environmental footprint. Their movement is voluntary and recreational,not forced displacement due to environmental stress,so this option is inappropriate.

Option D:
Climate refugees emphasise that climate change can intersect with social and political vulnerabilities to force people to move. While debates continue about terminology, the phrase best captures the type of displacement described in the stem.

Statements A, B and D are correct because resilient cities need infrastructure planning, consideration of vulnerable groups and effective early warning and preparedness mechanisms. Statement C is incorrect since contemporary resilience thinking explicitly includes social inclusion, governance and equity aspects. Thus, the combination A, B and D only, excluding C, is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes only A and B and leaves out D, even though D correctly identifies preparedness measures as part of resilience. Without D, the set of statements does not fully represent urban climate resilience strategies.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it adds C to A and B, treating C as true. C wrongly suggests that resilience neglects social inclusion, contradicting widely accepted frameworks such as resilient and inclusive cities.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because, although it includes B and D, it also accepts C which is wrong. The presence of C makes the combination logically inconsistent with the concept of resilience.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it groups the three statements that jointly describe infrastructure, vulnerability and preparedness aspects of climate-resilient cities while excluding the misleading statement C.