Environmental change and migration – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, D and F are correct, showing that environmental factors interact with other drivers of migration, that people sometimes move as an adaptation strategy, that policies must consider livelihoods and rights and that improved data are needed. Statement C is wrong because environmental migration can be temporary, seasonal or permanent, and E is wrong because internal movements are an important part of environment–migration linkages. Thus, the option that includes A, B, D and F and excludes C and E is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits D and F, ignoring the need for protective and livelihood-sensitive policies and for better evidence to guide them. While it captures environmental drivers and adaptation, it does not reflect the policy and research dimensions fully.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it brings together the most widely accepted points about environmental migration while rejecting overly rigid or dismissive views. It recognises complexity, adaptation, policy responsibilities and knowledge gaps, which matches the conceptual treatment in this unit.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes C, which wrongly states that all movement is permanent, even though migration responses to environmental change often include circular and seasonal patterns. Including C means the option mixes true and false statements.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it accepts E, which claims internal migration is irrelevant, and excludes A. Internal movements are central to environment–migration debates, so this combination seriously misrepresents the field.