UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Decoding is the receiver’s process of interpreting symbols and constructing meaning. Students interpreting the teacher’s words and gestures are decoding.

Option A:
Encoding is done by the sender (teacher), not by students who receive and interpret messages.

Option B:
Decoding is students’ meaning-making from the teacher’s verbal and non-verbal cues, exactly as described.

Option C:
Channeling refers to the medium/path of the message, not the interpretive process.

Option D:
Filtering is selective attention/alteration, not the basic act of understanding the message.

Decoding is the receiver's process of interpreting and making sense of encoded messages. As students read and try to understand a textbook,they translate printed symbols into meaningful concepts. This mental activity is decoding.

Option A:
Encoding is carried out by authors who convert ideas into written language,not by readers.

Option B:
Feedback would occur if students respond with questions or answers after reading.

Option C:
Thus decoding correctly describes the readers' role in understanding the text.

Option D:
Redundancy refers to repetition of message elements,not interpretation.

The receiver is the person or group that the message is directed towards. Receivers listen,read or observe and then interpret the content. In the classroom,the students primarily function as receivers when the teacher explains concepts. Hence receiver correctly completes the description in the stem.

Option A:
The sender is the one who initiates the message,which in this case is largely the teacher,not the students listening. Students may sometimes send feedback,but the stem focuses on their role while listening. So sender is not the best term here.

Option B:
Receivers actively decode the message,relating it to prior knowledge and context. The students in the example are doing exactly this,which is why receiver is the accurate label.

Option C:
A mediator would stand between parties to help clarify or negotiate messages,which is not usually the case for students listening to a lecture.

Option D:
Channel refers to the medium like spoken language or visuals,rather than the people who interpret messages,so it does not fit the situation.

The receiver is the person or group for whom a message is intended. This participant decodes the message and tries to derive meaning from it. In a face to face conversation,the listener performs this interpretive role. Therefore receiver is the correct term for the person described in the stem.

Option A:
The sender is the originator of the message who encodes ideas into symbols. In the situation given,the speaker is the sender,not the listener. So sender does not match the role mentioned.

Option B:
The receiver listens to the message,relates it to prior knowledge and forms understanding. This is exactly what is meant by interpreting and making sense of the message,making receiver the appropriate answer.

Option C:
Noise refers to any interference that distorts the message,such as loud sounds or distractions. It is not a person in the interaction.

Option D:
Context is the surrounding physical and social situation in which communication occurs and cannot be the listener.

When a sender wishes to communicate, they must convert their internal ideas or thoughts into a form that can travel through a channel. This process of putting ideas into words, images, or gestures is called encoding. It is a crucial step because poor encoding can lead to misunderstanding even if the message reaches the receiver. Encoding therefore bridges the gap between mental concepts and observable symbols.

Option A:
Option A, encoding, is the correct technical term for converting ideas into communicable symbols. It reflects the sender’s active work in shaping the message. Without encoding, the message cannot leave the mind of the communicator and enter the shared space of interaction.

Option B:
Option B, decoding, actually refers to the receiver’s process of interpreting and assigning meaning to the symbols received. It is the mirror image of encoding and does not describe the initial conversion of ideas into symbols.

Option C:
Option C, feedback, is the receiver’s response to the message and indicates whether it has been understood. While important in communication, it occurs after encoding and decoding, not during the initial conversion of ideas into symbols.

Option D:
Option D, noise, refers to any interference that distorts or obstructs the message during transmission. It affects clarity but is not itself the process of turning ideas into symbols.

Decoding is the receiver's process of interpreting and making sense of the symbols sent by the source. In the stem,students listen to the explanation and relate it to what they already know. This is a clear example of decoding. Accurate decoding is essential for successful learning.

Option A:
Encoding is done by the teacher when preparing and delivering the explanation,not by students listening.

Option B:
Decoding is the learner’s meaning-making process—interpreting the teacher’s words and linking them to prior knowledge—so it fits the stem.

Option C:
Feedback would involve students responding with questions or answers after decoding,which is a later stage.

Option D:
Channel selection deals with choosing the medium of transmission,not interpreting meaning.

Encoding is the step in which the sender converts ideas or feelings into communicable symbols. These symbols may be words,gestures or images that can travel through a channel. Without encoding,the receiver would have nothing concrete to interpret. Therefore encoding correctly names the act described in the stem.

Option A:
Encoding involves selecting suitable language and symbols so that the message can be transmitted. It is an active mental process by the sender. This term exactly fits the description of putting ideas into words or symbols.

Option B:
Decoding is the receiver's activity of interpreting the encoded message. It takes place after the message has been transmitted. It does not describe what the sender does at the start of communication.

Option C:
Feedback is the receiver's response sent back to the original sender. It comes later in the sequence and does not involve converting ideas into symbols.

Option D:
Channel is the medium used to carry the encoded message,such as air,phone or paper. It is not the cognitive act of symbol selection by the sender.