UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Decimal 8 is a power of 2 and equals 2^3. In binary, powers of 2 are represented by a 1 followed by zeros, with the number of zeros equal to the exponent. Thus, 2^3 is written as 1000₂. Therefore, 1000 is the correct binary representation of decimal 8.

Option A:
Option A, 111₂, equals 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 in decimal, which is one less than 8. Since 8 is a pure power of 2, its binary representation must have a single 1 and not a combination of several ones. Hence 111 cannot be correct for 8.

Option B:
Option B is correct because 1000₂ places a 1 in the 8's place and zeros in the 4's, 2's and 1's places. This pattern evaluates to 8 in decimal. It is the standard way of representing a power of 2 in binary.

Option C:
Option C, 1010₂, represents 8 + 2 = 10 in decimal, which is greater than 8. The presence of a 1 in the 2's place adds extra value that does not belong to the number 8.

Option D:
Option D, 1100₂, equals 8 + 4 = 12 in decimal. Having ones in both the 8's and 4's positions yields a value larger than 8 and therefore does not correspond to the given decimal number.

In binary, each digit position corresponds to a power of 2, reflecting the base of the system. The rightmost bit is 2^0, the next is 2^1, then 2^2 and so on. This structure allows binary to represent any integer using only the digits 0 and 1. Therefore, each position represents a power of 2.

Option A:
Option A suggests powers of 8, which would be correct in an octal system, not in binary. Octal uses base 8, whereas binary is strictly base 2.

Option B:
Option B indicates powers of 10, which define the decimal system. Decimal numbers are based on 10 distinct digits, unlike binary.

Option C:
Option C is correct because binary's base is 2 and all positional weights are powers of 2. This is fundamental to how digital systems interpret bit patterns.

Option D:
Option D, 16, is the base of the hexadecimal system where each position is a power of 16. That system uses digits and letters to represent values.

In a positional system, the same digit can represent different values depending on where it appears. Its weight is determined by its position relative to the radix point. Each position corresponds to a specific power of the base. Therefore, the weight of a digit depends primarily on its position in the numeral.

Option A:
Option A, value, is the digit itself, but weight is not determined by digit alone; position controls the power of the base used.

Option B:
Option B is correct because each position has a place value (base^0, base^1, base^2, etc.), which determines the weight.

Option C:
Option C, symbol, is another way to refer to the digit; it does not determine the positional weight by itself.

Option D:
Option D, base, affects the system globally, but the specific weight of a digit in a numeral is determined directly by its position (as a power of the base).

200 = 128 + 64 + 8, so bits for 2⁷, 2⁶, and 2³ are 1, giving 11001000₂.

Option A:
Option A matches 128 + 64 + 8 = 200.

Option B:
Option B equals 196 (128 + 64 + 4).

Option C:
Option C equals 212 (128 + 64 + 16 + 4).

Option D:
Option D equals 168 (128 + 32 + 8).

A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, specifies the location of a resource and the protocol used to retrieve it, such as HTTP or HTTPS. It appears in the browser’s address bar and guides the software to the correct server and file. Without URLs, users could not easily navigate the web. Therefore, the correct term for the web address described is URL.

Option A:
Option A is correct because URL is the precise technical name for the web address used to access resources on the internet.

Option B:
Option B, IP address, identifies a device on a network but does not directly encode the full path to a specific web resource for users.

Option C:
Option C, MAC address, is a hardware identifier at the data link layer and is not used in browser address bars.

Option D:
Option D, HTML, is a markup language used to structure web pages and is not itself an address.

Converting binary 1010 to decimal involves using positional weights of powers of 2. From right to left, the bits represent 1, 2, 4 and 8. The pattern 1010 has 1 in the 8's place and 1 in the 2's place, giving 8 + 2. Thus the decimal value is 10, making Option B correct.

Option A:
Option A corresponds to the binary pattern 1000, which equals 8 in decimal. While 8 is one of the place values used in the calculation, it alone is not sufficient to represent 10. Therefore, Option A is incomplete and incorrect.

Option B:
Option B is correct because 1010₂ means 1×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 0×1. This sums to 8 + 2 = 10. The value matches the required decimal equivalent of the given binary number.

Option C:
Option C refers loosely to 1100₂ if interpreted, which equals 8 + 4 = 12, not 10. Even if we do not map directly, 12 is clearly different from 10 and therefore cannot be the correct answer.

Option D:
Option D suggests 14, which would correspond to 1110₂ equal to 8 + 4 + 2. Since our binary number does not have three consecutive ones, 14 cannot be its decimal value.