Vyapti as concomitance – UGC NET Question

Vyapti expresses the pervasion relation that underwrites inference: the hetu is found only where the sadhya is found. Knowing vyapti allows one to move securely from the presence of the hetu in the paksha to the presence of the sadhya there. It is established through observing positive and negative instances or through reliable testimony. Thus the universal connection described in the stem is called vyapti.

Option A:
Option A, paksha, is the individual subject where the inference is applied and cannot denote a general relation between two properties.

Option B:
Option B, hetu, is the specific reason or sign used in a given inference, such as smoke, not the general concomitance between smoke and fire.

Option C:
Option C, drstanta, is the example that illustrates vyapti in a familiar case like a kitchen. It helps show the relation but is not itself the relation.

Option D:
Option D is correct because vyapti is technically defined as the invariable concomitance of hetu with sadhya. Without vyapti, inference would lack its justificatory basis.