Q: Which of the following statements about upamāna (comparison) as a pramāṇa are correct?
(A) Upamāna is recognised in Nyaya as a distinct means of valid knowledge through comparison;
(B) An example of upamāna involves learning what a “gavaya” is by comparing it to a cow after hearing a description and later seeing it;
(C) Upamāna operates without any involvement of memory or prior description;
(D) Some Indian schools reduce upamāna to other pramāṇas and do not accept it as separate;
(E) UGC NET questions may ask for identification of upamāna through such illustrative examples;
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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