Types of Indian inference by vyapti – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct, while E is false. Kevalānvayi relies on only positive instances, and kevalavyatireki is known mainly through negative instances where the absence of one correlates with the absence of the other. Anvayavyatireki involves both positive and negative agreement, and the classic smoke–fire example is typically classified this way. F is correct that recognising these forms helps exam candidates analyse anumāna. E is wrong because if hetu appears in vipakṣa, it fails the exclusiveness condition and cannot be a proper ground. Therefore A, B, C, D and F only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete since it stops at A, B and C and leaves out D and F, which add the standard example and its examination relevance. Although A, B and C are conceptually accurate, they do not provide the full picture. Hence A, B and C only cannot be accepted.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits B and includes only A, C, D and F. Without B, the specific character of kevalavyatireki inference is not properly captured, reducing clarity. Thus A, C, D and F only does not list all the true statements.

Option C:
Option C is wrong as it replaces A with B, C, D and F but omits A. While B, C, D and F are true, leaving out A removes the description of kevalānvayi, one of the three named types. This makes the combination incomplete.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it gathers A, B, C, D and F, covering all three inference types, a paradigm example and the exam context, while rejecting E, which violates the conditions for a proper hetu. It therefore matches the set of correct statements expected in UGC NET Indian logic.