Transport externalities environment – UGC NET Question

Statements D and F are wrong because they ignore key planning and climate aspects of transport. Assuming planning need not consider land use breaks the well-established link between settlement patterns and travel demand. Saying aviation and shipping have only local effects denies their contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. A, B, C and E correctly describe air and noise pollution, benefits of public and non-motorised transport and the role of pricing tools. Therefore, the wrong statements taken together are D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect since it marks only D as wrong and fails to identify F, which also contains a clear error about global climate impacts. It does not capture all the incorrect statements as required.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it pinpoints both D and F as the erroneous claims while implicitly accepting A, B, C and E as accurate. It aligns with integrated land-use and transport planning and climate policy perspectives.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it labels A along with D and F as wrong; however, A is a true statement that road traffic is a major source of urban air pollution. Including A among wrong statements contradicts basic air quality science.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it groups B, D and F together, even though B correctly notes health and quality-of-life impacts of noise. This option thus misclassifies a valid health concern.