Renewable energy and environment – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they describe low-emission characteristics, access benefits, need for impact assessment and policy tools in renewable energy expansion. Grid integration can be challenging, and renewable projects can have local impacts on land use, ecosystems or communities that must be evaluated. Statements C and F are false because integration is not always challenge-free and renewables do not automatically remove all environmental problems, such as material extraction impacts. Thus, the correct combination is A, B, D and E only.

Option A:
Option A is correct since it captures the realistic and policy-relevant view of renewables, acknowledging both benefits and the need for careful planning. It also excludes C and F, which oversimplify technical and environmental issues associated with the energy transition.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes C, a statement that denies the existence of technical and organisational challenges in grid integration. Experience from many power systems shows that variable renewables require careful management.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes F and omits A. F wrongly suggests that all environmental problems vanish with renewables, ignoring life-cycle impacts, while leaving out A overlooks the key advantage of lower operational emissions.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it again accepts F and excludes B. By omitting the access benefits of decentralised renewables, it underplays development gains while retaining an exaggerated claim about environmental outcomes.