Purpose of review of literature – UGC NET Question

The review of literature enables a researcher to examine what has already been studied about a topic, identify areas that are well understood and spot questions that remain unanswered. By mapping previous findings and methods, it becomes possible to justify the need for the new study and to refine its focus. The review also helps the researcher avoid repeating work that has already been done without adding new value. Thus, the purposes described in the stem are core functions of the review of literature.

Option A:
Review of literature brings together theoretical perspectives and empirical findings in a synthesised form, showing how the present study fits into the larger body of knowledge. It highlights both gaps and inconsistencies in prior work, pointing to where new investigation is needed. Because the stem emphasises locating gaps and avoiding duplication, review of literature is the correct term.

Option B:
A pilot study is a small-scale trial run conducted to test the feasibility of procedures, instruments or sampling strategies before the main study. Its purpose is to refine the design, not primarily to map existing knowledge. Therefore, pilot study does not match the goals stated in the question.

Option C:
Data coding is the process of assigning numerical or symbolic codes to responses so they can be entered into a database and analysed. It belongs to the data processing stage after collection, not to the preliminary planning stage where gaps in literature are identified. Hence, data coding is not appropriate here.

Option D:
Sampling design involves decisions about how participants or units will be selected from the population, such as choosing probability or non-probability methods. While literature may inform these decisions, the design itself does not have the main purpose of identifying research gaps or avoiding duplication. Thus, sampling design is not the correct completion.