Population growth and carrying capacity – UGC NET Question

Statements B and F are wrong whereas A, C, D and E are correct. The ecological footprint depends on both population size and per capita consumption, so saying it depends only on size ignores lifestyle and technology effects. Likewise, technological change can reduce or increase environmental impact, so claiming it never plays any role is false. The other statements accurately describe pressures on resources, policy levers and the role of urbanisation in shaping impacts.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it marks only B as wrong and ignores F, which also misrepresents the role of technology. By failing to identify all incorrect statements, it does not answer the question fully.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it picks out exactly B and F as wrong, leaving the rest recognised as valid statements. It reflects the more nuanced understanding that both consumption and technology, along with population size, shape environmental impacts.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it treats A, B and F together as wrong, even though A correctly points out increased pressure from very high population growth. Including A among wrong statements contradicts basic population–resource analysis.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it adds D and E to the list of wrong statements. D and E correctly describe carrying capacity and the effects of urbanisation, so grouping them with B and F undermines the conceptual clarity of the answer.