Nigrahasthāna literally means “place of defeat.” It denotes specific situations in a formal debate where a participant is judged to have lost. These situations include contradictions, evasive answers, self refutation and similar serious faults. By listing nigrahasthānas, Nyāya codifies debate procedure and clarifies when a disputant has failed to uphold their position.
Option A:
Option A reverses the meaning; nigrahasthāna is about defeat of the person who commits the fault, not about defeating the opponent.
Option B:
Option B misidentifies it as a type of inference, whereas it actually concerns rules for evaluating debates.
Option C:
Option C correctly explains nigrahasthāna as the recognised set of defeat conditions in Nyāya disputation.
Option D:
Option D connects it with perception, but nigrahasthāna is about argumentative behaviour, not about a special mode of knowing.
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