Mode 1 knowledge traditional research – UGC NET Question

In the Mode 1–Mode 2 framework, Mode 1 denotes traditional, discipline-based research carried out largely in universities and guided by academic norms of peer review and scholarly communities. The stem clearly describes this type of research, so the correct number is “1.”

Option A:
Option A is correct because Mode 1 is the established label for conventional academic knowledge production, as opposed to Mode 2’s more transdisciplinary, application-oriented research.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since Mode 2 refers to problem-oriented, socially distributed research, not to the traditional university-centred model given in the question.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because “0” is not part of the Mode 1–Mode 2 terminology in this framework.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as “4” likewise has no recognised meaning in this classification of knowledge production modes.