Migration push and pull factors – UGC NET Question

Pull factors are conditions that attract people to a new place. In rural–urban migration, higher wages, better services and perceived opportunities in cities draw migrants. These forces operate alongside push factors that drive people away from origin areas. Therefore, the availability of better jobs and higher wages in cities exemplifies a pull factor.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because crop failure and drought are classic push factors. They push people out due to hardship rather than attracting them into a new place. They describe conditions at the place of origin.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because political conflict and violence are push factors that drive people away from their villages due to insecurity. They represent adverse conditions at the origin, not attractions at the destination.

Option C:
Option C is correct since employment opportunities and higher income act as magnets. Migrants choose cities hoping to improve their living conditions through better jobs and wages, which is the essence of a pull factor.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because land degradation and declining fertility push farmers away from rural areas. These are again problems at the place of origin rather than pull factors in cities.