Inductive and deductive reasoning basics – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B and E are correct because inductive reasoning generalises from specific instances, deductive reasoning applies general rules to particular cases and many analogy questions involve inferring general pattern relationships from given examples. Statement C is false since inductive arguments support conclusions with probability, not logical guarantee, and D is false because valid deductive arguments provide necessity rather than mere probability when premises are true. Therefore, the only combination that collects exactly the true statements and excludes the false ones is A, B and E.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because although A and B are true, it omits E, which correctly notes the inductive character of many analogy items in aptitude tests. Leaving out E fails to recognise an applied aspect of inductive reasoning important for UGC NET.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it gathers the three true statements and avoids both C and D, each of which misdescribes the strength of inductive and deductive arguments. It properly distinguishes probability in induction from necessity in valid deduction.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it includes C, which incorrectly claims that inductive reasoning guarantees truth, and also excludes B, so it does not fully capture how deductive reasoning works in deriving specific conclusions from general premises. The presence of C makes the combination unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes D, which wrongly asserts that deductive arguments never aim at necessity, and it omits A, ignoring the fundamental description of inductive reasoning. Thus it mixes a false statement with an incomplete set of true ones.