Experimental research features – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, C and D together describe core characteristics of experimental research. Manipulating independent variables, using control groups, assigning participants randomly and conducting experiments in both laboratory and field contexts are all standard features. Statement E is false because extraneous variables should be controlled or monitored, not ignored, to maintain internal validity. Therefore the correct combination includes A, B, C and D and excludes E.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits D, thereby failing to acknowledge that experiments need not be confined to laboratories. Field experiments are frequently used in educational and social settings, so leaving out D underrepresents the range of experimental contexts.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it includes all four true statements and omits E, which advises an obviously flawed practice of ignoring extraneous variables. The option reflects the importance of both design and control in experimental work.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes E, the statement suggesting that extraneous variables may be ignored, which would seriously threaten internal validity. Even though B, C and D are true, the presence of E makes the combination unsuitable.

Option D:
Option D is wrong because it similarly incorporates E and omits B, leaving out the essential comparison role of control groups. Without acknowledging control groups, the design description is incomplete.