EIA is a planning tool used to anticipate how a project might affect air, water, land, ecosystems and people. By examining alternatives and suggesting mitigation measures, it helps decision makers weigh environmental costs alongside economic and social benefits. Effective EIAs include public consultation and can lead to project redesign, conditions or even rejection.
Option A:
Option A is incorrect because EIA is not meant to rubber-stamp all projects; it can recommend modifications or cancellation.
Option B:
Option B is correct as it summarises the predictive and evaluative role of EIA prior to project approval.
Option C:
Option C is incorrect; EIA complements, not replaces, economic analyses. Both are needed for balanced appraisal.
Option D:
Option D is incorrect since private and community actors can also propose projects, which may still require EIA depending on regulations.
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