Statements A, B, C and D correctly describe the main measures used in descriptive statistics. Means, medians and modes summarise central tendency in different ways, while variance and standard deviation capture variability. Statement E is false because descriptive statistics summarise data but do not by themselves conduct hypothesis tests; that is the role of inferential statistics. Therefore, the combination that includes A, B, C and D but excludes E is correct.
Option A:
Option A is correct because it recognises the four key descriptive indicators and their appropriate use, while rejecting the claim that they automatically perform inferential functions. It preserves the conceptual distinction between describing and testing.
Option B:
Option B is incomplete because it omits D, thereby failing to mention how dispersion measures contribute to understanding the spread of data. Without D, the description of descriptive statistics is focused only on central tendency.
Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it leaves out A, not explicitly acknowledging the suitability of the mean for interval and ratio data, which is essential in many analyses. This omission makes the set partial.
Option D:
Option D is wrong because it includes E, the assertion that descriptive statistics automatically test hypotheses, which confuses their function with inferential procedures.
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