Demographic transition and environment – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct: early stages typically show high birth and death rates; death rates decline before birth rates in the transition phase causing rapid growth; resource pressure rises with rapid growth; final stage tends to low birth/death with stabilisation; and education/reproductive health policies influence progression. Statement E is false because demographic transition is central to population–environment analysis. Therefore, the correct combination is A, B, C, D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all true statements (A, B, C, D, F) and excludes only E, which wrongly denies relevance of demographic transition to population–environment relationships.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits F, missing the policy drivers (education and reproductive health) that influence movement through stages.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it omits A; A is a standard feature of the early stage in demographic transition models.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B, which explains the typical sequencing of mortality and fertility decline in the transition phase.