Air pollution and public health effects – UGC NET Question

All four statements are correct and describe different aspects of air pollution and its management. PM2.5 and similar pollutants are harmful because they reach deep lung regions and may enter circulation. Vulnerable groups like children and the elderly face higher risks, and epidemiological studies link pollution to respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Air quality management combines regulatory, technological and behavioural measures. Therefore, the combination A, B, C and D is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists only A and B and omits C and D. While it acknowledges pollutant characteristics and vulnerable groups, it ignores the documented disease links and the multi-pronged strategy for control, so it is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it includes A, B and C but leaves out D. Without mentioning management strategies such as emission standards and cleaner fuels, the option does not fully represent how societies respond to air pollution.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes B, C and D but excludes A. Statement A about PM2.5’s ability to penetrate deep into the lungs is fundamental to understanding health effects, so leaving it out makes the set partial.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it recognises that all four statements accurately reflect the science of air pollution and public health as well as key elements of control strategies. It is the only option that includes every true statement.