Informal communication arises spontaneously from personal and social relationships rather than from official channels. Staffroom conversations during breaks are typically friendly,unplanned exchanges among colleagues. They may carry both personal and work related information but are not official orders or circulars. Therefore,this is informal communication.
Option A:
Formal communication would involve official meetings,minutes or circulars that follow organisational procedure,which is not the spontaneous talk described.
Option B:
Downward communication refers to messages flowing from higher to lower levels in the hierarchy,such as instructions from principal to teachers,not peer chat.
Option C:
Written communication would involve notes or letters,while the stem clearly refers to conversation.
Option D:
Informal networks such as staffroom talk can still influence organisational climate strongly,making option D the best answer.
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