UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A sample is the smaller group of units selected from a larger population for the purpose of observation and measurement. It is chosen in such a way that it can provide information about the characteristics of the whole population. Researchers rely on samples because studying every member of the population is often impractical or impossible. Thus, the subset of the population from which data are actually collected is correctly called the sample.

Option A:
The sample serves as the empirical basis for estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses about the wider group. When selected appropriately, it can yield findings that generalise with known margins of error. This makes sample the most accurate completion of the stem.

Option B:
Universe or population refers to the entire collection of units about which the researcher wishes to draw conclusions. It is not limited to those units that are observed directly. Therefore, universe is not the correct answer for the subset actually studied.

Option C:
A parameter is a numerical value that describes some characteristic of a population, such as the true mean or proportion. It is not the group of units themselves but rather a summary descriptor. Hence, parameter cannot complete the stem correctly.

Option D:
A statistic is a numerical value computed from sample data used to estimate parameters, such as the sample mean. It is derived from the sample but is not the subset of units that is selected and measured. Therefore, statistic is not the appropriate term here.