Nyāya requires that a sound hetu meet three conditions: it must be present in the pakṣa (pakṣadharmatā), present in all sapakṣa where the sādhya is known to be present, and absent from all vipakṣa where the sādhya is known to be absent. Together these ensure relevance, positive support and lack of counter examples.
Option A:
Option A inverts the pattern by demanding absence in sapakṣa and presence in vipakṣa, which would make the hetu useless for proving the sādhya.
Option B:
Option B correctly states the trairūpya pattern: presence in pakṣa and sapakṣa, absence in vipakṣa.
Option C:
Option C starts by saying the hetu is absent in the pakṣa, which already violates pakṣadharmatā and makes it an asiddha hetu.
Option D:
Option D imposes an irrelevant restriction to scriptural examples and excludes empirical instances, which has nothing to do with the formal threefold requirement.
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