UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they describe typical service deficits, risks and participatory solutions in informal settlements. Lack of basic services and marginal locations increase environmental health risks, and involving residents helps design appropriate upgrading interventions. Statements C and F are false because environmental conditions in slums strongly influence health, and air pollution does affect residents, who may even be more exposed. The correct combination therefore includes A, B, D and E only.

Option A:
Option A is correct since it brings together all true statements about service gaps, risk exposure, health benefits of upgrading and the value of participation. It rightly excludes C and F, which deny well-documented links between environment and health in slums.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes C, which wrongly claims that environmental conditions do not affect health outcomes. Adding this false statement makes the overall combination unacceptable.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes F, which denies the impact of air pollution on slum dwellers, and omits A. Air pollution clearly affects slum inhabitants, often living near busy roads or industrial areas, so accepting F is inconsistent with evidence.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it again accepts F and leaves out B, thus ignoring the importance of hazardous locations while including a clearly wrong statement about pollution.

Statements A, B, C and E are correct because they describe multi-actor governance, unequal burdens on disadvantaged groups, location of informal settlements and the role of participation in improving accountability. Statement D is false since user charges can be designed with lifeline tariffs or subsidies to protect poorer users. Statement F is false because decentralisation outcomes depend on power structures, capacity and accountability mechanisms. Thus, the option containing A, B, C and E while excluding D and F is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits E and therefore does not mention participatory budgeting and planning, which are important innovations for more inclusive urban governance.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it excludes C, so it fails to emphasise the spatial concentration of disadvantaged groups in high-risk locations, which is central to urban environmental inequities.

Option C:
Option C is correct since it integrates governance structures, justice concerns, spatial patterns and participatory tools, while rejecting simplistic claims about user charges and decentralisation.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it includes D, which claims user charges cannot be pro-poor, even though carefully designed tariffs can protect vulnerable users.

Statements C and D are wrong because older persons are widely recognised as highly vulnerable during heatwaves, and demographic shifts influence long-term demand and design for water, sanitation and waste services. A, B, E and F are correct in noting specific access needs, universal design, active ageing measures and the value of participation. Therefore, the option that identifies both C and D as wrong, while accepting the rest, is the correct one.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect since it singles out only C as wrong and ignores D, even though dismissing the implications of ageing for service planning contradicts demographic and planning evidence. By failing to include D, it underestimates long-term infrastructure challenges.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it selects only D, leaving C unchallenged. Statement C wrongly suggests that heatwave planning need not consider older persons, something strongly refuted by mortality and morbidity patterns in past heat events.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups C, D and E together as wrong, even though E correctly highlights the benefits of walkability and seating for active ageing. Including a valid statement among wrong ones makes this combination conceptually inconsistent.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it identifies precisely the two statements that neglect vulnerability and planning implications, and it implicitly affirms the importance of design, services and participation for ageing populations in cities.

Statements A, B and D are correct as they reflect the text and spirit of SDG 11, which emphasises inclusive, safe, resilient, sustainable settlements, improved services and participatory governance. Statement C is incorrect because environmental quality, including air, green spaces and waste, is central to sustainable cities. Statement E is also wrong as SDG 11 applies to cities and human settlements of all sizes. Thus, the combination A, B and D only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits D, which highlights participatory planning as a key strategy for implementing SDG 11. Without D, the governance aspect of sustainable cities is not addressed.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it includes C along with A and B, thereby accepting the false claim that sustainable cities initiatives ignore environmental concerns. In reality, environmental quality is one of their core pillars.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it groups B, D and E and treats E as correct. While B and D are true, E wrongly limits SDG 11 to megacities and excludes smaller towns, which goes against the universal applicability of the SDGs.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it selects the three true statements and excludes C and E, both of which misrepresent the sustainable cities agenda. It captures social, service-related and governance dimensions of SDG 11.

Statements A, B and D correctly describe institutional planning. Perspective plans articulate development goals, planning is guided by vision and mission, and participation of different stakeholders makes plans realistic and inclusive. Statements C, E and F are false because planning must include academic and student support dimensions, plans need periodic revision and evidence-based data are essential for meaningful planning.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits D, thereby not recognising that participatory processes strengthen ownership and plan quality.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it includes A, B and D and excludes C, E and F.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it omits A, so it fails to mention that perspective plans are medium to long-term development roadmaps.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes C (false), claiming planning ignores academic/student support dimensions.

NEP 2020 suggests that every school or school complex prepare an Institutional Development Plan. The IDP will outline goals, resource needs and strategies for improvement over a period. It helps align school-level actions with district and state plans. Thus the IDP is the key document for local planning.

Option A:
This option correctly names the IDP, which appears in NEP as a mechanism for decentralised, participatory planning. It connects school needs with broader system reforms.

Option B:
Annual Confidential Reports are personnel documents, not comprehensive school plans.

Option C:
Census schedules are used for population data collection, not for educational planning.

Option D:
Income Tax Returns are financial statements for individuals or entities, irrelevant to school improvement plans.