UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A and B are correct because ESD is about integrating sustainability dimensions across curricula and promoting critical and participatory pedagogies. Statements C and D are incorrect: ESD is cross-disciplinary and actively encourages learner participation in real-world sustainability projects. Therefore, the combination A and B only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it ignores B, which correctly highlights pedagogy focused on critical thinking and problem solving. Without B, the active-learning dimension of ESD is missing.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it combines the two accurate statements and excludes C and D, which misrepresent the scope and methods of ESD. This reflects official formulations of ESD in policy documents.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it adds C, implying that ESD is confined to environmental sciences, which contradicts the idea that all disciplines should address sustainability.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it groups B, C and D, treating both C and D as correct. D wrongly suggests ESD discourages participation, which goes against the experiential emphasis of ESD.

In this situation, students first communicate in small groups, negotiating meaning and constructing ideas collectively, which is small group communication. When they present to the whole class, they engage in a form of public or group communication directed to a larger audience. This combination promotes active learning and develops both interpersonal and presentation skills.

Option A:
Option A, one way communication, would describe a pure lecture or monologue without student participation. Here, learners are actively discussing and presenting, so the pattern is not one way.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it captures both stages: interaction within small groups and subsequent sharing with the whole class, illustrating student-centred, participatory learning.

Option C:
Option C, only intrapersonal communication, would involve thinking inside one’s own mind, not open discussion among multiple students.

Option D:
Option D, only written communication, ignores the oral and interactive character of both the group discussion and the oral presentation.