UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

The dependent variable is the observed outcome whose values are expected to change in response to manipulation of the independent variable. It is “dependent” because its variation is presumed to be influenced by changes in the treatment conditions. Researchers measure this variable to test whether the intervention has made a difference. Hence, the variable measured to assess the treatment effect is correctly named the dependent variable.

Option A:
The independent variable is manipulated rather than measured as an outcome, so it does not align with the stem’s emphasis on measurement to assess effects. It functions as the presumed cause rather than the observed result.

Option B:
Option B, dependent variable, emphasises that this variable depends on the levels of the independent variable in the experimental design. Outcome indicators such as test scores, attitudes or performance measures are typical examples. This matches the description in the question, making this option correct.

Option C:
A moderator variable affects the strength or direction of the relation between independent and dependent variables but is not itself the main outcome being measured. It plays a more complex role and thus does not fit the stem.

Option D:
A control variable is held constant to prevent it from interfering with the interpretation of results. It is not the primary outcome of interest, so it is not the correct choice here.