UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

D and E are wrong because they reverse the meanings of tautology and contingency. A tautology is true in all possible situations, not always false, and a contingent proposition is true in some situations and false in others, not true in all. Statements A and B correctly describe what counts as a statement in logic, and C accurately expresses the idea that contradictory statements cannot both be true simultaneously. Thus the pair D and E only is the correct set of wrong statements.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it selects D alone, but E is also wrong; contingent propositions are not true in all possible situations. By ignoring E, Option A fails to identify all the incorrect statements.

Option B:
Option B is also incorrect because it focuses only on E and ignores D, which misdefines tautology as always false. Since both D and E are wrong, singling out only one of them does not satisfy the requirement of the question.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it groups together D and E, the two statements that misrepresent the key logical categories of tautology and contingency. It leaves A, B and C untouched, acknowledging that they are true characterisations of statements and contradictions.

Option D:
Option D is wrong because it includes C, which is actually true: contradictory statements cannot both be true at the same time. By treating C as if it were wrong along with D, this option misidentifies the logical property of contradiction.