UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Persuasive communication attempts to influence attitudes,beliefs or behaviours of the audience. Advertisements are designed to make people prefer and purchase specific brands by highlighting benefits or using emotional appeals. Therefore,they primarily illustrate the persuasive function of communication.

Option A:
Informative communication aims mainly to share neutral facts,which may occur in some public notices but is not the main goal of commercial advertising.

Option B:
Persuasive messages use arguments,appeals and repetition to convince audiences,which fits the behaviour of advertisements in the stem,making option B correct.

Option C:
Ceremonial communication focuses on social rituals,such as welcome speeches,which differ from persuasive marketing messages.

Option D:
Exploratory communication involves seeking new information or ideas,rather than trying to change others’ choices.

Sustainable consumption emphasises meeting human needs and enhancing well being with lower environmental impact. It involves efficient resource use,eco friendly products and mindful consumption patterns. By reducing waste and emissions,it supports broader goals of sustainable development. Therefore the description in the question accurately characterises sustainable consumption.

Option A:
Luxury consumption refers to high end goods and services aimed at status or pleasure rather than basic needs. It often implies greater resource use and waste,not minimisation. Hence it is the opposite of what is described in the stem.

Option B:
Overconsumption means using resources at a rate that exceeds the environment’s capacity to regenerate them. It is a major driver of environmental problems and contradicts the idea of minimising resource use. Therefore it cannot be the correct term.

Option C:
Conspicuous consumption is consumption undertaken mainly to display wealth and social status. It frequently leads to unnecessary use of resources. This behaviour is inconsistent with the quality of life and environmental restraint emphasised in the question.

Option D:
Sustainable consumption seeks to decouple well being from resource intensive lifestyles. It promotes choices that are both socially desirable and environmentally responsible. Because the stem emphasises meeting needs with minimal resource use,this term is the correct answer.

Statements A, B and D correctly describe key features of sustainable consumption. A highlights reducing unnecessary consumption and improving efficiency, B stresses life-cycle based low-impact choices and D recognises the role of information and awareness in changing behaviour. Statement C is incorrect because sustainable consumption does not demand a total rejection of modern amenities, but rather their responsible use. Therefore, the combination that includes A, B and D while excluding C is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it includes only A and B and leaves out D. While A and B are correct, D is also a valid statement as awareness and education are central to changing consumption patterns. By omitting a correct statement, this option fails to represent the full set of correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it groups together all the true statements about sustainable consumption: reducing unnecessary use, preferring low-impact products and relying on education and information to influence choices. It rightly excludes C, which exaggerates sustainability as a rejection of modern life. Hence this option matches the conceptual understanding required.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it combines A and D with C. Statement C wrongly assumes that sustainable consumption is synonymous with going back to pre-industrial conditions, which is not the aim of contemporary sustainability discourse. Including this false statement makes the overall combination wrong.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes B, C and D and omits A. Besides leaving out A, which is correct, it wrongly accepts C as valid, thereby presenting an extreme and inaccurate view of sustainable consumption. This combination therefore cannot be chosen.

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct and capture resource waste, climate impacts, food security implications, behavioural drivers and policy responses. Statement E is false because food waste represents financial loss for households and businesses and adds costs for municipal waste management. Therefore, the combination that includes all true statements and excludes E is A, B, C, D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it reflects the full range of environmental, economic and social dimensions of food waste, while rejecting the claim that there are no economic implications.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits F, thereby ignoring policies and campaigns that are central to reducing waste in practice.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes E, which denies economic consequences, so it mixes true and false statements and cannot be the correct option.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it leaves out B, ignoring methane generation from landfilled food waste, which is a key greenhouse gas concern.