UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and F correctly describe widely accepted models of communication, whereas C and E are incorrect. The linear model is one-way, interactive models incorporate feedback, and transactional models treat all participants as senders and receivers within a context. Statement F is also correct because later models explicitly emphasise feedback and context. Statement C is wrong as transactional views do pay attention to context, and E is wrong because linear models cannot account for complex two-way classroom interactions.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes exactly A, B, D and F, which are the true statements. It excludes C, which wrongly claims that transactional models ignore context, and E, which overstates the adequacy of linear models. Thus this combination matches the accepted understanding of communication models. By listing these four and only these four statements, it captures both feedback and contextual emphasis alongside linear and transactional features.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it treats E as correct by including A, B, D and E. Although A, B and D are accurate, E falsely claims that linear models explain all classroom communication. Including E makes the overall combination inconsistent with contemporary communication theory. Therefore this option cannot be accepted.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it selects B, D, E and F and leaves out A. While B, D and F are true, E is false and A is a correct description of linear models. Omitting A and adding E means this combination does not represent the full and accurate set of correct statements. Hence it is not the right answer.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes C, which misstates transactional models, and omits B, which correctly describes interactive models. By mixing one false statement and leaving out a crucial true one, this combination fails to capture the proper picture of communication models. Therefore it cannot be chosen as correct.

Lasswell's famous formula asks "Who says what,in which channel,to whom,with what effect." In this structure,"Who" points to the originator of the message. That originator is the communicator or sender who decides on content and purpose. Therefore,"communicator" correctly captures the role indicated by "Who" in the formula.

Option A:
The message is represented by the phrase "says what" in Lasswell's formula,not by "Who." Treating "Who" as message would confuse the source with the content. Hence this option does not match the theoretical framework.

Option B:
The communicator is the person or organisation that initiates the message and chooses what to say. Lasswell's model begins with this actor because all other elements depend on the communicator's choices. Thus "communicator" is the most accurate completion of the stem.

Option C:
The channel is represented in the formula by the phrase "in which channel" and relates to the medium of transmission. It is clearly separate from "Who."

Option D:
The effect is referred to in the final part "with what effect" and describes outcomes,not the initial actor. So it cannot be the meaning of "Who."

Linear models depict communication as a one-way flow from sender to receiver, often neglecting feedback and context. Transactional models, by contrast, treat communication as a dynamic process where participants continuously send and receive messages, shaping each other’s responses. This fits classroom interaction.

Option A:
Option A reverses the theoretical positions by attributing mutual influence to linear models and ignoring feedback in transactional models, which is incorrect.

Option B:
Option B correctly states that transactional models emphasize simultaneity and reciprocity, capturing how both teachers and students act as communicators rather than as fixed sender or receiver.

Option C:
Option C suggests linear models always include feedback loops, but classic linear models are often criticized precisely for their minimal treatment of feedback.

Option D:
Option D confines transactional models to written communication, whereas they are highly relevant to rich face-to-face interactions common in teaching.

Transactional models see communication as a simultaneous,mutual process in which all participants act as senders and receivers at the same time. In a lively class,teachers and students shape each other’s ideas through ongoing interaction. This dynamic fits the transactional model better than one-way models.

Option A:
Linear models assume a simple path from sender to receiver and cannot capture the complex mutual influence described.

Option B:
Transactional views highlight how context and feedback continuously shape messages,making option B correct.

Option C:
One way models describe lectures without interaction,which differs from the highly interactive class mentioned.

Option D:
Gatekeeping relates to control of information flow,usually in mass media,not classroom interaction patterns.

Schramm introduced the idea that sender and receiver each have a "field of experience,"which includes their knowledge,attitudes and cultural background. Communication is more effective when these fields overlap,because messages are then interpreted in similar ways. The stem directly refers to this requirement for overlap. Therefore,the correct term is "field of experience."

Option A:
Mechanical channel refers to the physical medium carrying the signal and does not capture the psychological and cultural similarities Schramm emphasises.

Option B:
The field of experience concept explains why the same message may be understood differently by people with different backgrounds,making option B accurate.

Option C:
Economic power or formal authority may affect influence but are not the key factor named in Schramm's model.

Option D:
Formal authority refers to organisational position,which is separate from shared experiences and knowledge.

Linear models depict communication as a one way flow from sender to receiver,while interactional models add feedback,showing that communication is a two way process. Feedback allows the receiver to respond and become a sender in turn. The stem highlights this difference,so the key added component is feedback.

Option A:
Noise may appear in both linear and later models and is not unique to interactional designs.

Option B:
Economic context is not the primary structural feature that distinguishes interactional from linear models.

Option C:
Feedback transforms communication into a loop,allowing adjustment and clarification,making option C correct.

Option D:
Mechanical channel exists in both simple and complex models and therefore is not the distinguishing element.

Models are simplified representations of complex processes that highlight key elements and relationships. Shannon–Weaver,Berlo and Schramm each propose diagrams for how communication works. Learning them helps students compare different theoretical views of the same process. Thus they are models of communication.

Option A:
Barriers are obstacles to communication,not diagrams explaining how it works.

Option B:
Therefore models is the correct answer because these frameworks are diagrammatic representations of the communication process.

Option C:
Channels are media of transmission and are only one element inside these diagrams.

Option D:
Ethics concerns moral principles in communication,which is a different topic.

Statements A, B and C are correct, while D and E are incorrect. A is true because linear models conceptualise communication as a one-directional flow from sender to receiver. B is true since the Shannon–Weaver model is concerned with signal transmission and the effect of noise in the channel. C is true as transactional models highlight that participants are simultaneously senders and receivers. D is false because traditional linear models do not give central place to feedback and context, and E is false because models provide practical frameworks that teachers can use to plan and analyse communication; therefore A, B and C only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A correctly gathers A, B and C, which jointly explain the linear, Shannon–Weaver and transactional perspectives. It deliberately excludes D and E, which either overstate the features of linear models or dismiss the usefulness of models. Because it contains all and only the true statements, A, B and C only is the correct option.

Option B:
Option B adds D to the otherwise correct set, but D mistakenly claims that linear models explicitly incorporate feedback and context. This contradicts their original design, which emphasises one-way transmission. The presence of D makes A, B, C and D only an invalid combination.

Option C:
Option C includes B, C and D, omitting A but retaining the false statement D. While B and C are accurate, including D, which misrepresents linear models, means this combination cannot be accepted as correct.

Option D:
Option D pairs A and C with E, but E is incorrect because communication models are widely used in teaching and media analysis. Treating models as having no practical relevance ignores their role in understanding and improving communication, so A, C and E only is not a valid answer.

Transactional models describe communication as a dynamic process in which all participants are both senders and receivers at the same time. Messages,feedback and context continuously influence one another. The stem refers to this idea of simultaneity and mutual influence,which is characteristic of the transactional model.

Option A:
Linear models show communication moving in a straight line from sender to receiver without emphasising mutual influence.

Option B:
One step models are simple one-directional representations and do not treat participants as simultaneous senders and receivers.

Option C:
Interactional models include feedback but often depict communication as turn taking rather than truly simultaneous influence.

Option D:
Transactional models best represent complex human interaction,such as lively classroom dialogue,making option D correct.

Statements A, B and D are correct, while C is the only wrong statement. A is true because the Shannon–Weaver model identifies source, transmitter, channel, receiver and noise as key elements. B is true since it emerged from engineering efforts to improve telephone and telegraph systems. D is true as the model conceptualises communication chiefly as information transfer through a channel subject to noise. C is false because the basic Shannon–Weaver model does not explicitly incorporate feedback; feedback was highlighted more clearly in later models.

Option A:
Option A correctly identifies C only as the wrong statement. It acknowledges the historical and structural aspects of the model while noting that feedback is not a central part of the original formulation. By leaving A, B and D outside the wrong set as correct, this option accurately answers the question. Therefore C only is the correct answer.

Option B:
Option B combines A and C as wrong statements and therefore misclassifies A, which correctly describes central elements of the model. Treating A as wrong conflicts with standard textbook explanations of Shannon–Weaver. As a result, A and C only is not a valid option.

Option C:
Option C groups C and D as wrong, even though D is a correct statement about the transmission view of communication. Including D among wrong statements contradicts how the model is typically interpreted. Hence C and D only cannot be accepted.

Option D:
Option D lists A, C and D as wrong and thereby incorrectly labels both A and D as false. Since these statements accurately describe the model’s elements and its information-transmission focus, this option substantially misrepresents the theory. Consequently A, C and D only is not the correct answer.

Interactional models portray communication as a two-way process in which messages go back and forth between sender and receiver,with feedback forming a circular loop. The roles of sender and receiver alternate over time. The stem emphasises circular exchange and feedback,which are features of the interactional model.

Option A:
Linear models show one-directional flow from sender to receiver and do not include feedback loops in the same way.

Option B:
One way communication is essentially linear and does not capture the interactive nature highlighted in the stem.

Option C:
Transactional models extend interactional ideas by viewing participants as simultaneous senders and receivers,not simply alternately sending messages. While related,they stress simultaneity more than simple circularity.

Option D:
Interactional models help explain classroom question–answer sequences where roles of speaker and listener keep changing,making option D the best answer.

Statements A, B and D are correct, while C and E are incorrect. A is true because SMCR explicitly focuses on characteristics of the source, message, channel and receiver. B is true as Schramm emphasises overlapping fields of experience in interpretation. D is true since transactional models see participants as simultaneously sending and receiving. C is false because traditional linear models often minimise feedback and context, and E is false because models are analytical tools rather than rigid classroom rules. Thus, A, B and D only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A lists A and B only, omitting D and therefore neglecting the transactional idea that both parties send and receive messages. As this is a key perspective in educational communication, A and B only is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B combines B and D but leaves out A, not acknowledging the widely used SMCR model that foregrounds message components. Consequently, B and D only does not cover the main models mentioned in the item.

Option C:
Option C includes A, B and C, but C wrongly claims that linear models fully incorporate feedback and context. Because C misrepresents linear models, A, B and C only is an invalid set of correct statements.

Option D:
Option D groups A, B and D together and rejects C and E, which either overstate linear-model coverage or treat models as strict prescriptions. Since it contains all and only the true statements, A, B and D only is the correct answer.