Qualitative and quantitative approaches – UGC NET Question

Statement D is the only wrong statement because qualitative research does not “always” use probability sampling and large random samples; it often relies on purposive or theoretical sampling and smaller, information-rich cases. Statements A, B and C correctly describe common features of quantitative and qualitative research, and E is correct about integrating both within mixed-methods designs. Therefore, D alone misrepresents qualitative sampling practice.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it isolates D as the sole incorrect statement and implicitly confirms that A, B, C and E are consistent with standard methodological descriptions. It acknowledges that sampling strategies differ across approaches and that qualitative studies frequently use non-probability samples.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes A in the set of wrong statements even though A correctly defines quantitative research as relying on numerical data and statistical analysis. Misclassifying a correct definition as wrong makes this option unacceptable.

Option C:
Option C wrongly treats C as wrong along with D, even though C accurately notes that quantitative research may involve experiments, surveys and correlational designs. This option therefore misrepresents accepted quantitative designs.

Option D:
Option D incorrectly includes B with D, despite B being a correct description of qualitative research focusing on meanings and perspectives. Grouping a true statement with a false one leads to an erroneous combination.

Option E suggests that both D and E are wrong, but E is correct because mixed-methods studies do integrate qualitative and quantitative components. By labelling E as wrong, this option directly contradicts established descriptions of mixed-methods research.