UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C and E are correct, whereas D and F are false. A gives the basic structure of an argument, while B and C clarify how explanations and illustrations function differently from proof. E is right that exam performance improves when one can separate arguments from mere description or example. D is wrong because “because” and “therefore” often signal reasoning, and F is wrong because a lone assertion with no supporting reasons is not an argument. So A, B, C and E only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete since it omits E, which correctly stresses the exam importance of distinguishing arguments from non-arguments. Although A, B and C explain the concepts, without E the practical UGC NET angle is missing. Therefore A, B and C only cannot be accepted.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it brings together conceptual clarity about arguments, explanations and illustrations along with their relevance to exam questions. It avoids D and F, both of which misclassify reasoning signals and unsupported statements. This makes the option fully consistent with reasoning pedagogy.

Option C:
Option C is wrong as it includes D, which incorrectly reclassifies all “because” or “therefore” uses as description, and it omits A, the core definition of an argument. Without A, the option fails to define its central concept. Therefore B, C, D and E only cannot be chosen.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F, treating unsupported statements as arguments, and it also omits B. This option mischaracterises both explanation and argument and leaves out an important conceptual distinction. As a result, A, C, E and F only is not a valid answer.

Statements A, B, C, E and F correctly describe key aspects of deductive and inductive reasoning, while D is false. Deductive reasoning aims at necessity, and when a deductive argument is sound, true premises guarantee a true conclusion. Inductive reasoning supports probabilistic conclusions such as sample-based generalisations, and UGC NET passages may mix both patterns in a single item set. D is wrong because many inductive arguments are acceptable and widely used in science and everyday life.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all the true statements A, B, C, E and F and excludes D, which wrongly dismisses all inductive arguments as invalid. This option captures the contrast between necessity and probability, highlights the role of generalisation and reflects exam usage. It therefore matches the actual theory of reasoning tested in Paper 1.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits E and F, leaving out the important points about generalisations from samples and the appearance of both patterns in UGC NET questions. Although A, B and C are true, they do not provide a complete picture of how inductive reasoning is used and assessed. Hence this combination under-represents the correct information.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it still omits F and thus fails to note the mixed presence of deductive and inductive reasoning in exam passages. Without F, the practical exam context is lost, even though A, B, C and E are all true. As such, this option does not fully answer the question about which statements are correct.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it ignores A, which defines deductive necessity, and includes only B, C, E and F. While all four included statements are true, leaving out A means that the central definition of deductive reasoning is missing. Therefore this combination does not contain all the correct statements from the list.

Statements A, C, D and F present a balanced view of analogical reasoning and explanation in exam contexts. B is false because a single example cannot guarantee a universal generalisation; it can only suggest or illustrate. E is false since analogical arguments are typically inductive, providing support but not deductive certainty. The correct combination therefore includes A, C, D and F and excludes the two exaggerated claims.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits F, failing to mention that exams explicitly test the distinction between analogy and illustration. It also lacks an explicit reference to the exam context, making it less aligned with the question’s focus.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it leaves out C and includes F but misses one of the true statements about the dual role of analogies in clarification and argument. Without C, the description of analogical use remains incomplete.

Option C:
Option C is correct since it captures both the logical nature of analogy and the explanatory role, while emphasising that UGC NET questions may ask candidates to identify these patterns. It avoids the false claims that one example proves universals or that analogies are always deductive.

Option D:
Option D is wrong because it includes E, which mistakenly says all analogical arguments are deductive, and omits A, losing the core definition of analogical argument. This mix of omission and error makes the option unacceptable.