UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and E correctly present e-governance portals as digital interfaces for services, transparency and secure transactions, while C and F overstate limitations. Offline and assisted modes can coexist with portals to reach citizens without digital access. Many systems also offer multilingual interfaces through localisation. Thus, the statements highlighting online services, transparency, digital payments and security, namely A, B, D and E, form the correct set.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits statement D about integration with digital payment systems, which is a common e-governance feature for enabling cashless transactions. Since the question asks for all correct statements, this combination is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it combines the four statements that accurately describe e-governance capabilities and requirements. By excluding C and F, it rejects the notions that portals must exclude digitally marginalised citizens or be monolingual.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes C, which claims that e-governance necessarily excludes those without connectivity or skills. In practice, governments often use facilitation centres or blended models to reduce such exclusion.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it contains F, which states that localisation is impossible. Many e-governance systems are deliberately designed to support multiple languages, so any set that accepts F cannot be correct.