UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D correctly outline features of local environmental planning. Local bodies indeed plan for waste, water and green areas, people’s participation enhances implementation and integrating local knowledge can make plans more effective and context-specific. Statement C is incorrect because local actions aggregate to influence global outcomes, and local planning is essential for achieving broader environmental goals. Thus, the correct combination is A, B and D only.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it brings together the relevant governance, participation and knowledge aspects and excludes the dismissive statement C. It highlights that local planning has both local and broader significance. Therefore, it aligns with the unit’s emphasis on decentralised environmental management.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits D, which is a valid statement about the value of local and traditional knowledge. This omission makes the description of local planning less comprehensive.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes C and treats it as correct along with B and D. C wrongly claims that local planning is irrelevant to global issues, ignoring the importance of local-level implementation for global agreements. Hence, this combination cannot be accepted.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it groups A, C and D, thereby accepting C as correct. Although A and D are true, retaining C undermines the logic of multi-level environmental governance.

NEP 2020 encourages inclusion of India’s rich knowledge traditions in areas like mathematics, astronomy, health and arts. It emphasises that this should be done rigorously and critically, linking past insights with modern disciplines. This integration aims to build cultural rootedness along with scientific temper.

Option A:
Excluding IKS would ignore valuable indigenous contributions and conflicts with NEP’s cultural aims.

Option B:
This option captures the nuanced approach: drawing on IKS while maintaining critical thinking and modern standards.

Option C:
Teaching IKS only through rote memorisation would contradict NEP’s stress on understanding and enquiry.

Option D:
Limiting IKS to religious instruction would misrepresent its broad scientific and artistic dimensions.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct and show how forests support livelihoods, governance and ecological functions. Forests supply products and services, community management can share benefits, secure tenure often supports stewardship and forests influence local climate and water cycles. C is wrong because monoculture plantations typically reduce biodiversity, and F is wrong because traditional knowledge is important for sustainable use and conservation. Thus, A, B, D and E only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it leaves out E, failing to acknowledge the climatic and hydrological roles of forests. Without E, the answer focuses mainly on products and governance, not on ecosystem regulation.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it includes F and omits A. Accepting F dismisses the value of traditional knowledge, and dropping A ignores the broad range of forest products and services. This combination is therefore conceptually weak.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it includes all the true statements and excludes C and F, which misrepresent plantations and knowledge. It reflects the multifaceted importance of forests to both people and environment in this unit.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it contains C, treating biodiversity-increasing monocultures as correct, which is generally not the case. Including C undermines understanding of the ecological costs of converting natural forests.

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct and together highlight ecological buffers, planning tools, early warning and long-term sea-level threats. Statement E is wrong because many coastal communities possess traditional knowledge relevant to preparedness. The correct set therefore includes A, B, C, D and F while excluding E.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all true statements and excludes E, which wrongly denies the existence of relevant traditional knowledge.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits F, missing sea-level rise as a key long-term coastal risk.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes E (false).

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B, underplaying vulnerability created by unplanned construction and vegetation removal.