UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and E are correct and together describe key pillars of sustainable urban transport. Public and non-motorised modes reduce congestion and emissions, mixed land use reduces trip lengths, safe infrastructure protects vulnerable road users and policies influence who gains affordable mobility. Statement C is wrong because subsidising private cars tends to increase traffic and pollution, and F is wrong because emission standards clearly contribute to improved air quality. Hence, the combination A, B, D and E only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits statement E, thereby ignoring how transport policies affect social equity and access. While A, B and D are true, leaving out E means the answer does not reflect the full social dimension of sustainable transport.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it includes F, which wrongly claims that emission standards have no role in air quality management. It also omits A, thereby excluding the vital role of public and non-motorised transport in sustainability. This mixture cannot be accepted as correct.

Option C:
Option C is correct since it selects all four true statements and excludes C and F, the two clearly misleading claims. It captures environmental, spatial, safety and equity aspects of sustainable urban transport in line with the unit syllabus.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it introduces C, which promotes car subsidies as beneficial, and omits B, which correctly emphasises mixed land use. Including a false pro-car subsidy statement makes the combination inconsistent with sustainability principles.

Statements A, B, C and E are correct because sustainable mobility emphasises public and non-motorised modes, integrated land use and transport, management of traffic and parking, and inclusive access for all users including persons with disabilities. Statement D is false since subsidising private cars usually increases traffic, emissions and congestion rather than reducing them. Statement F is also false because safer street design and speed management are key parts of sustainable mobility frameworks. Therefore, the only combination that contains all and only the correct statements is A, B, C and E.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it includes the four statements that reflect recognised approaches to sustainable mobility and excludes those that promote car dependence or ignore safety linkages. It presents a coherent picture of planning, policy and inclusion in urban transport.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes D, which assumes that car subsidies are compatible with sustainability goals. Including D mixes a clearly false statement with true ones, so the option cannot be accepted.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it omits A and includes F. By excluding A, it ignores the central role of public and non-motorised transport, and by including F, it wrongly claims that mobility has no relation to road safety.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it leaves out B, thus neglecting transit-oriented development, and also fails to mention traffic demand management. It therefore contains only a subset of the true statements and does not fully represent sustainable mobility strategies.