UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A control variable is a factor that the researcher deliberately keeps constant across conditions or statistically adjusts for during analysis. By doing so, its potential influence on the dependent variable is minimised, allowing clearer interpretation of the effect of the independent variable. Control variables are chosen because they are known or suspected to be related to the outcome. Therefore, the constant factor described in the stem is correctly called a control variable.

Option A:
Control variables might include factors such as prior achievement, age or socioeconomic status when these could influence outcomes. By holding these factors constant, the researcher reduces alternative explanations for observed differences. This aligns with the stem’s emphasis on preventing confounding, making this option correct.

Option B:
A moderator variable interacts with the independent variable to change the strength or direction of its effect on the dependent variable. It is not typically held constant; rather, its variability is studied.

Option C:
A mediating variable explains the mechanism through which the independent variable affects the dependent variable, forming part of the causal pathway, not something to be simply held constant.

Option D:
A random variable is a statistical concept referring to a variable whose values result from random phenomena. It is not the term used in research design for a variable that is intentionally controlled.