UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A universal affirmative proposition has the standard logical form “All S are P”. It combines universal quantity with affirmative quality by stating that every member of the subject class is included in the predicate class. In traditional logic, this is known as an A-type proposition. Therefore the proposition described in the stem is a universal affirmative.

Option A:
Option A is correct because universal affirmative captures both key features of the proposition: it talks about all members of the subject and it affirms a positive relation to the predicate. This terminology is standard in the study of categorical logic.

Option B:
Option B, universal negative, would state that no members of the subject class belong to the predicate class, as in “No S are P”. This directly contradicts the claim in the stem and so cannot be right.

Option C:
Option C, particular affirmative, asserts that at least one member of the subject class belongs to the predicate class, usually phrased as “Some S are P”. It does not talk about all members and therefore does not match the description.

Option D:
Option D, particular negative, states that some S are not P, which changes both the quantity and quality of the proposition compared to the universal affirmative. Hence it is not appropriate here.

A particular negative proposition is of the form “Some S are not P”. It denies the predicate for at least one member of the subject class. In the square of opposition, it is classified as an O-type proposition. Therefore the description in the stem corresponds to a particular negative.

Option A:
Option A, universal affirmative, asserts that all members of a class possess a certain property, as in “All S are P”. It does not involve denying something of some members. Hence it cannot be the correct answer.

Option B:
Option B, universal negative, denies the predicate for every member of the subject class, as in “No S are P”. This is too strong compared with the phrase “some members” in the stem. Thus universal negative is not suitable here.

Option C:
Option C correctly names particular negative as the proposition that denies something about some members. It matches both the quantity and the negative quality of the statement described. Therefore this option is correct.

Option D:
Option D, particular affirmative, affirms something of some members, as in “Some S are P”. It lacks the negative component required by the question. Hence particular affirmative is not the right choice.

In traditional logic, a universal affirmative proposition has the form “All S are P”. It makes a positive claim about every member of the subject class. Such propositions are symbolised as A-type in the square of opposition. Therefore the proposition described in the stem is a universal affirmative.

Option A:
Option A, particular affirmative, asserts something about some members of a class, as in “Some S are P”. It does not cover all members and so cannot match the description in the question.

Option B:
Option B correctly names universal affirmative as the proposition that affirms a predicate of every member of the subject class. This aligns perfectly with the phrase “all members of a class”. Hence it is the correct answer.

Option C:
Option C, particular negative, denies a predicate about some members, as in “Some S are not P”. It changes both the quantity and quality from what the stem states. Thus particular negative is not appropriate.

Option D:
Option D, universal negative, denies something of all members, as in “No S are P”. While universal in scope, it is not affirmative in quality. Therefore universal negative does not fit the description.

A universal negative proposition denies that any member of the subject class belongs to the predicate class. Its standard form is "No S are P", and in the traditional scheme it is labelled as an E-type proposition. This combination of universal scope and negative quality fits the description in the stem. Hence it is called a universal negative proposition.

Option A:
Option A, particular negative, is limited in scope to some members of the subject class, as in "Some S are not P". It does not deny membership for all subjects and so cannot represent the form given in the question.

Option B:
Option B is correct because universal negative precisely designates a statement that denies the predicate of every member of the subject class. It is a key category in the square of opposition and contrasts with universal affirmative statements. This alignment makes universal negative the appropriate choice.

Option C:
Option C, universal affirmative, asserts that all members of the subject class belong to the predicate class. It has the opposite quality to the negative proposition described and therefore does not match.

Option D:
Option D, particular affirmative, affirms the predicate for at least one member of the subject class. It is both narrower in scope and positive in quality, which differs from the universal denial described in the stem.

A particular affirmative proposition has the form "Some S are P". It states that there exists at least one subject that is also a member of the predicate class. In the traditional classification, it is known as an I-type proposition and carries existential import. Thus the description in the stem corresponds to a particular affirmative proposition.

Option A:
Option A, universal negative, denies the predicate of all members of the subject class, as in "No S are P". It expresses a universal denial rather than an existential affirmation. Therefore universal negative does not fit the description.

Option B:
Option B, particular negative, asserts that some members of the subject class are not members of the predicate class, as in "Some S are not P". Although particular, it is negative in quality and thus differs from the affirmative character mentioned in the stem.

Option C:
Option C is correct because particular affirmative refers to a proposition that affirms membership for at least one subject in the predicate class. This limited but positive claim matches the phrase "at least one member" in the question.

Option D:
Option D, universal affirmative, goes beyond some members and asserts that all members of the subject class belong to the predicate class. Its universal scope makes it different from the partial claim described.

In traditional logic, a universal affirmative proposition asserts that every member of the subject class belongs to the predicate class. It is symbolised as "All S are P" and classified as an A-type proposition on the square of opposition. This structure combines universal quantity with affirmative quality. Therefore the proposition described is correctly termed a universal affirmative.

Option A:
Option A is correct because universal affirmative explicitly captures the idea of a positive assertion about all members of a class. It is distinguished from other categorical forms by its scope over the entire subject class and its affirming character. This matches exactly the form "All S are P" given in the question.

Option B:
Option B, universal negative, denies membership for all subjects in the predicate class, as in "No S are P". It has universal quantity but negative quality, which is not what the stem describes. Thus universal negative is not suitable here.

Option C:
Option C, particular affirmative, asserts that at least one member of the subject class belongs to the predicate class, as in "Some S are P". It does not speak about all members and therefore fails to fit the description.

Option D:
Option D, particular negative, denies the predicate of at least one subject, as in "Some S are not P". It differs in both quantity and quality from the universal affirmative type. Hence particular negative cannot be the correct answer.