UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Push factors are disadvantages at the place of origin that drive people to leave, while pull factors are attractions at the destination that draw them in. Landless rural households often lack secure livelihoods and are pushed to look for work elsewhere, while cities are perceived to offer better job opportunities.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because better health facilities in villages would tend to retain people; urban unemployment would discourage rather than attract migrants.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since high rural wages are a reason to stay, and poor urban services are not a pull factor.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because village industrialisation can create local jobs, reducing the need to migrate, and lack of housing in cities is a negative, not an attraction.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it reflects a realistic combination frequently cited in migration studies: rural landlessness as a push factor and urban employment prospects as a pull factor.