UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D correctly describe how digital signatures work in secure ICT systems. They rely on cryptographic methods, maintain integrity and are commonly implemented through PKI frameworks. Statement C is false because merely scanning a handwritten signature does not provide cryptographic security or tamper detection. Hence, the correct combination is A, B and D only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists only A and B as correct, omitting D. While A and B are true, statement D is also important in explaining typical infrastructure used for digital signatures. Leaving out D makes the answer technically incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes all three accurate statements about digital signatures. It excludes the superficial notion in C that an image scan can substitute for cryptographic signing. This reflects proper understanding of secure digital authentication.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups B and D only and omits A. Statement A is essential in defining digital signatures as cryptographic constructs. Without it, the conceptual explanation is weakened.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes A, C and D as correct statements. Accepting C would mean treating non-cryptographic image scans as equivalent to digital signatures, which is not correct.