UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and F correctly describe central ideas about arguments, validity and exam-based reasoning, while C and E are false. Premises are indeed offered as reasons, and validity guarantees that true premises cannot lead to a false conclusion. Deductive reasoning does claim necessary support, and identifying premises and conclusion is a key skill in evaluating arguments. C is wrong because soundness requires both validity and true premises, not merely a true conclusion, and E reverses the definition of invalidity. Therefore A, B, D and F only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all and only the true statements: A, B, D and F. It omits C, which misdefines soundness, and E, which mischaracterises invalid arguments. By grouping just these four, it faithfully reflects standard definitions used in logical reasoning. This makes Option A the accurate representation of the correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes E as if it were true. E claims that in an invalid argument it is impossible for premises to be true and conclusion false, which is actually the hallmark of validity, not invalidity. Adding this false statement to otherwise correct ones means the combination does not match the true set of statements.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it accepts C along with A, B, D and F. C treats any argument with a true conclusion as sound, ignoring whether the premises are true or the reasoning is valid. Since soundness depends on both validity and true premises, including C makes this option logically unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits A and includes both C and E, thereby excluding a basic description of premises while accepting two wrong definitions. Including C and E distorts the notions of soundness and invalidity, so this combination cannot represent the correct set of statements.

An argument presents a claim along with supporting reasons. In the second statement, the claim “exam stress is harmful” is followed by the word “because” and two reasons: it reduces concentration and sleep quality. This combination of a conclusion with explicit supporting premises forms an argument. The other statements either express a bare opinion or an exclamation without justification.

Option A:
Option A is only a bare assertion of harm with no reasons; it may be true, but it is not structured as an argument.

Option B:
Option B clearly provides reasons after “because,” which are offered as support for the main claim, satisfying the definition of an argument.

Option C:
Option C is an emotive expression about how stress feels, lacking any explicit rationale to persuade.

Option D:
Option D is an incomplete remark about stress reappearing, again not giving reasons or establishing a conclusion from premises.